Citing Sources: Why? Citing Sources in a paper is a way to show your reader where your information comes from. When you Cite you are showing that you were not born with this information. You learned it from someone who worked to put it together (in a book or web page) and you are honoring that work, and not claiming that you, yourself, did it. For example; you, personally, did not examine a machine gun to see how it works. Instead, you read about what someone else discovered when they did examine a machine gun.

Citing Sources shows your reader: You have drawn on authoritative sources You have used them fairly You have copied from them accurately You have and included all important details Citing Sources can also lead readers to related information and research.

When to Cite your Sources in a Paper: You need to cite sources when quoting anything directly, or summarizing specifics and details from another persons words. Quote- v. To repeat exactly what someone else has said or written. Summarize- v. To make a short statement giving only the main significant information from something someone else has said or written.

How to Cite Sources: We are not going to use Standard In Text Citations in this class. We are going to use a simplified version of MLA In Text Citations. You will learn formal In Text Citations in an English class in your Junior year. What you learn today will help you do better later, but it is important to remember that todays lesson is not appropriate for a university paper.

Procedure: 1.Gather your materials. You will need: A.Your Research Log with complete bibliography information on the left side and clear letters connecting your sources and your notes. B.Your Paper for this project. C.A Pencil. How to Cite Sources:

2. Read your paper. As you read underline any specific details or facts in your writing. These include quotes, statistics, facts and specific details about WWI or your subject. Practice:Underline the details and specifics in the Sample Paragraph.

Sample Paragraph The Battle of the Somme was one of the worst battles of WWI. Over 11 million soldiers died and the English lost 60,000 in one day. These deaths were the result of terrible planning. The British intended to bomb the Germans with heavy shells and then attack with men and horses. However, the artillery shells the English had were not powerful enough and the Germans were able to get back to their machine guns and keep firing. But the British kept coming anyway, and that is why so many of them died. At the end of the day the British only gained 6 miles and lost 420,000 men.

Sample Paragraph- facts and details underlined The Battle of the Somme was one of the worst battles of WWI. Over 1.1 million soldiers died and the English lost 60,000 in one day. These deaths were the result of terrible planning. The British intended to bomb the Germans with heavy shells and then attack with men and horses. However, the artillery shells the English had were not powerful enough and the Germans were able to get back to their machine guns and keep firing. But the British kept coming anyway, and that is why so many of them died. At the end of the day the British only gained 6 miles and lost 420,000 men.

3.Look at your Research Log and find the places where those facts, specific details, statistics, quotes, etc. are written in your notes. Make a note of the Source Letter that goes with each one. A Practice: Match the details and specifics in the Sample Paragraph to the notes in the research log. Note that some information may be slightly different than exactly what is in the log.

Sample Paragraph- Citations added The Battle of the Somme was one of the worst battles of WWI. Over 1.1 million soldiers died and the English lost 60,000 in one day. These deaths were the result of terrible planning. The British intended to bomb the Germans with heavy shells and then attack with men and horses. However, the artillery shells the English had were not powerful enough and the Germans were able to get back to their machine guns and keep firing. But the British kept coming anyway, and that is why so many of them died. At the end of the day the British only gained 6 miles and lost 420,000 men. A source B source C source

4.Go back to your paper. Put the letter of the source in parenthesis ( ) after each fact, detail, statistic, quote etc. in your paper. Practice: When you come to the end of a detail or specific in the Sample Paragraph, write in the letter of the source that it came from like this: (A), (B) or (C) etc…at the end of the information. If you have a string of facts from the same source (with no other sources in between) you may just put the source citation at the end of the last one.

1.Make a Citation for any facts or specific details in your paper. 2.If all the specific information and facts in one paragraph are from the same source, put the citation at the end of the paragraph. 3.If the information in a paragraph is from different sources, put the citations after each piece of information (even in the middle of a sentence). Special Note:

Sample Paragraph- Final Copy The Battle of the Somme was one of the worst battles of WWI. Over 1.1 million soldiers died and the English lost 60,000 in one day (C). These deaths were the result of terrible planning. The British intended to bomb the Germans with heavy shells and then attack with men and horses (B). However, the artillery shells the English had were not powerful enough and the Germans were able to get back to their machine guns and keep firing (B). But the British kept coming anyway, and that is why so many of them died. At the end of the day the British only gained 6 miles and lost 420,000 men (A).

Now put in text citations in your own written work. When you are done Turn your Rough Drafts IN!