Newtonian Revolution The study of Physics begins with Newtonian mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and.

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Presentation transcript:

Newtonian Revolution The study of Physics begins with Newtonian mechanics. Mechanics is the branch of physics that focuses on the motion of objects and the forces that cause the motion to change. There are two parts to mechanics: Kinematics and Dynamics. Kinematics deals with the concepts that are needed to describe motion, without any reference to forces. Chapter 2: Describing Motion Chapter 3: Falling Objects and Projectile Motion Dynamics deals with the effect that forces have on motion Chapter 4: Newton’s Laws-Explaining motion

Chapter 2 Describing Motion Speed: Average and Instantaneous Velocity Acceleration Graphing motion

Average Speed Average speed equals the distance traveled divided by the time of travel. Unit: MPH, kmPH, m/s Speed calculation:

Instantaneous Speed http://www.physicsclassroom.com/mmedia/kinema/trip.cfm Unit Conversion:

Velocity = Speed with Direction Velocity can be changed by changing speed or direction or both.

Vectors and Scalars Physics deals with many physical quantities, which are divided into scalars and vectors. A scalar quantity is one that can be described by a single number (including any units) giving its size or magnitude. Examples: Distance, Time, volume, mass, temperature, and density. A quantity that deals with both magnitude and direction is called a vector quantity. Examples: Displacement, Force, weight, and velocity.

Distance and Displacement Starting from origin, O a person walks 90-m east, then turns around and walks 40-m west. Q: What is the total walked distance? A: 130-m Q: What is the displacement? A: 50-m, due east.

Scalars and Vectors Scalar Vector Distance (m) Displacement (m) Speed (m/s) Velocity (m/s) Mass (kg) Weight (N)

Acceleration Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. Acceleration is a vector quantity. Unit of acceleration: m/s2 Acceleration of a sports car: http://www.cars.com/go/crp/buyingGuides/Story.jsp?section=Sports&story=sportsQuickest&subject=stories&referer=&year=2005

Deceleration or Negative Acceleration An object speeds up when the acceleration and velocity vectors point in the same direction. Whenever the acceleration and velocity vectors have opposite directions, the object slows down and is said to be “decelerating.” V1 = 20 m/s due east V2 = 10 m/s due east t = 2.0 s a = ?

Can a Car Be Accelerating When Its Speed Is Constant?

Exercises and Problems A person covers a distance of 320 miles in a travel time of 8 hours. What is the average speed for this trip? A car travels with an average speed of 55 miles/hr. What is this speed in m/s? The velocity of a car moving in a straight line increases from 8 m/s to 22 m/s in 7 seconds. What is the average acceleration of the car during this period?