SHMD 239 Kinesiology Unit 3 1

Question: Why would you compare a model to sporting performance? Reason: Developing a model of a skill allows coach to observe, analyse and then correct technique 2

 Two types of models:  Numerical Models – Those involving things that can be measured in numbers (speed and distance)  Technical Models – those involving technique aspects of a skill (foot position, hand position, centre of gravity) 3

 What is a numerical model of performance? A description of performance based on mechanical measurements  What is mechanical measurements? These can be split into linear measurements (movement in straight line) or angular measurements (movement about a fixed point) 4

 Many numerical components that can be examined in sporting performance: 1.Linear motion 2.Angular motion 3.Projectiles 5

Linear motion occurs when all parts of a body move the same distance, in the same direction, in the same time The action of objects (eg. balls, people) can be described by measures such as distance, displacement, speed, velocity and acceleration 6

 These quantities, used to describe motion of objects, can be divided into 2 categories: Vector - A measurement in a certain direction Scalar – a simple measurement with no direction 7

 Distance & displacement are quantities that have similar meanings, but different definitions Distance – is a scalar value that measures the length of the path a body follows during motion Displacement – is a vector quantity that refers to how far from an initial position an object has moved 8

Eg. If an athlete runs 2 km north. Then 2 km south. He ran a distance of 4 km. BUT displacement is 0 km. 2 km START & FINISH 9

 Speed & velocity are related to distance & displacement Speed is a scalar – it is a measure of how fast something is moving  Eg. If something is not moving speed = 0  Speed = Distance / Time  Units used for speed are metres per second (m.sˉ¹ or m/s) kilometres per hour or second are also used 10

 A triathlon consists of swimming, cycling and running set distances. If an athlete takes part in a triathlon with the following elements: a) A swim of 1600 m in length in a swimming pool. b) A cycle of 8 laps of a 5 km road circuit, with the start & finish line in the same position. c) A run of 1 lap of 10 km road circuit, with the start & finish separated by a 200m straight. What would their distance & displacement be for each event ? 11

Distance: a) Swim = 1600m or 1.6km b) Cycle = 40km c) Run = 10km Displacement: a) Swim = 0km b) Cycle = 0km c) Run = 200m 12

 The time taken for the winner to complete the race was: Distance:Time: 1600m swim30 min 40km cycle90 min 10km run45 min  Work out the average speed for the different components of the triathlon in km.hrˉ¹ or km/hr. 13

Swim: Speed = Distance / Time 1600m / 30 min 1.6km / 0.5 hr 3.2 km/hr 14

Cycle: Speed = Distance / Time 40km / 90 min 40km / 1.5 hr 26.7 km/hr 15

Run: Speed = Distance / Time 10km / 45 min 10km / 0.75 hr 13.3 km/hr 16

 What is a technical model?  Describing performance based on technique  Technical model uses more of a qualitative method of description (serving, hitting, kicking, catching, throwing, jumping, passing, running etc.) 17

 Using previously mentioned biomechanical analysis to improve technique is based on four steps:  Describing the ideal model  Recording what your athlete is doing  Comparing the two  Instructing athlete on how to improve 18

 After feedback, you should set goals to improve  Goals need to be SMART  S = Specific  M = Measurable  A = Achievable  R = Realistic  T = Time Constrained 19

End of Unit 20