ZIGBEE Seminar on 2nd April 2009 Debasish Panigrahy Anish Ranjan Malik Wireless Control That Simply Works Seminar on ZIGBEE 2nd April 2009 Debasish Panigrahy Anish Ranjan Malik Copyright © 2005 ZigBeeTM Alliance. All Rights Reserved.

What is Zigbee ? A wireless network used for home, building and industrial control. It conforms to the IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standard for low data rate networks. With a maximum speed of 250 Kbps at 2.4GHz, ZigBee is slower than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, but is designed for low power so that batteries can last for months and years. The typical ZigBee transmission range is roughly 50 meters, but that can vary greatly depending on temperature, humidity and air quality.

IEEE 802.15.4 IEEE 802.15.4 is a standard defined by IEEE for low rate, wireless personal area network. The standard defines the Physical layer and Medium Access Layer

802.15.4 Application Space Sensors & Controls: Home Automation Industrial Automation Remote Metering Automotive Networks Interactive Toys Active RFID/ asset tracking Medical

The ZigBee History Proposals Proposal to IEEE Proposals ZigBee Alliance formed Initial MRD RSI/TRD v0.2 ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 PAR Reviews Stand. Complete 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Sensor/Control Network Requirements Large networks Very long battery life Device data rate needs are low

So Why ZigBee? ZigBee is the only wireless standards-based technology: that addresses the unique needs of remote monitoring & control, and sensory network applications enables broad-based deployment of wireless networks with low cost, low power solutions provides the ability to run for years on inexpensive primary batteries for a typical monitoring application

Basic Radio Characteristics ZigBee technology relies upon IEEE 802.15.4, which has excellent performance in low SNR environments

What does Zigbee Do Operates in Personal Area Networks (PAN’s) and device-to- device networks Connectivity between small packet devices Control of lights, switches, thermostats, appliances, etc. Designed for wireless controls and sensors

Basic Network Characteristics 65,536 network (client) nodes Optimized for timing-critical applications and power management Time to Join Network: <30ms Sleeping to active: <15ms Channel access time: <15ms Full Mesh Networking Support Network coordinator Full Function node Reduced Function node Communications flow Virtual links

How Zigbee Works Topology Network coordinator, routers, end devices Star Cluster Tree Mesh Network coordinator, routers, end devices

ZigBee Network Topologies Mesh Star PAN coordinator Cluster Tree Full Function Device Reduced Function Device

ZigBee Mesh Networking Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking Slide Courtesy of

ZigBee Mesh Networking Slide Courtesy of

How Zigbee Works States of operation Devices Modes of operation Active Sleep Devices Full Function Devices (FFD’s) Reduced Function Devices (RFD’s) Modes of operation Beacon Non-beacon

Network Structure

Network Structure

Network Structure

ZigBee – Highly Reliable Mesh and tree networking protocol provides redundant paths Automatic retries and acknowledgements Broadcast delivery scheme ensures reliable broadcasts across the network Parents keep track of messages for sleeping children High intrinsic interference tolerance Multiple channels Frequency agility Robust modulation

Competitive or Complementary? Zigbee and Bluetooth Competitive or Complementary?

ZigBee and Bluetooth Optimized for different applications ZigBee Smaller packets over large network Mostly Static networks with many, infrequently used devices Home automation, toys, remote controls, etc. Bluetooth Larger packets over small network Ad-hoc networks File transfer Screen graphics, pictures, hands-free audio, Mobile phones, headsets, PDAs, etc.

ZigBee and Bluetooth Address Different Needs Bluetooth is a cable replacement for items like Phones, Laptop Computers, Headsets Bluetooth expects regular charging Target is to use <10% of host power

ZigBee and Bluetooth Address Different Needs ZigBee is better for devices Where the battery is ‘rarely’ replaced Targets are : Tiny fraction of host power New opportunities where wireless not yet used

ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications ZigBee and Bluetooth Timing Considerations ZigBee: Network join time = 30ms typically Sleeping slave changing to active = 15ms typically Active slave channel access time = 15ms typically Bluetooth: Network join time = >3s Sleeping slave changing to active = 3s typically Active slave channel access time = 2ms typically ZigBee protocol is optimized for timing critical applications

Initial Enumeration ZigBee Bluetooth Coordinator Coordinator

An Application Example Battery Life & Latency in a Light Switch Wireless Light switch – Easy for Builders to Install A Bluetooth Implementation would either : keep a counter running so that it could predict which hop frequency the light would have reached or use the inquiry procedure to find the light each time the switch was operated.

ZigBee and Bluetooth Conclusion ZigBee targets applications not addressable by Bluetooth or any other wireless standard ZigBee and Bluetooth complement for a broader solution

Product Application Road map products-tracking Consumer electronics PC Personal and healthcare Commercial and residential control

LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL ZigBee Applications BUILDING AUTOMATION CONSUMER ELECTRONICS security HVAC AMR lighting control access control TV VCR DVD/CD remote PC & PERIPHERALS PERSONAL HEALTH CARE ZigBee Wireless Control that Simply Works mouse keyboard joystick patient monitoring fitness monitoring INDUSTRIAL CONTROL RESIDENTIAL/ LIGHT COMMERCIAL CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt Future applications include Toys and Games, like consoles controllers, portable game pads (like gameboys), educational toys like leap frog stuff, and fun toys like RC (remote control) toys, etc. security HVAC lighting control access control lawn & garden irrigation

From Popular Science Magazine

PC And Peripherals Desktop PCs and Home Entertainment Systems (Home Theatre TV) Computer peripherals; HID devices Video conference equipment Remote control Video gaming equipment Multi-player PC & video games Remote controls for audio and video equipment PC Enhanced & stand alone toys In-room coverage

Human Input Devices (HID) Keyboard Mouse / Pointing Device Remote Controls (controls for audio & video equipment) Gaming device Double Joystick Game Pad for Direct X

Consumer Electronics Home appliances/general consumer electronic devices Existing home security systems, electrical & heating systems Wireless door and opening monitoring, system control Wireless Keypads Smoke and flame detectors Lighting and remote control of appliances in the home; Blinds/Shades Pool/Spa equipment Garage door openers Voice Control

Why ZigBee? Reliable and self healing Supports large number of nodes Easy to deploy Very long battery life Secure Low cost Can be used globally

Thank You ITECHTRIX