19.5 The Tide of the War Turns Why was Gen. Stonewall Jackson not at Gettysburg? –May 1863, Gen. Lee defeated a much larger Union force in Chancellorsville, Virginia. –Lee’s most trusted General, Stonewall Jackson, was accidentally shot by his own troops.

Why does Gettysburg happen? The South led by General Lee won a few victories in early 1863 –Chancellorsville, Va –Fredericksburg, Va This encouraged Lee to launch another offensive into Union territory. Goals: –Break the North’s will to fight –To capture much needed supplies for his army

Battle of Gettysburg The Battle began on July 1, 1863 –Battle would last 3 days! Confederate Army –Led by Gen. Lee 75,000 men and cavalry Union Army –Led by Gen. George G. Meade 100,000 men and cavalry

Day 1 and Day 2 Day 1 –Ends with Confederate army declaring small victory Had been able to push Union army to south side of town –Called Cemetery Ridge Day 2 –Ends in a stalemate Union holds the high ground –Lots of casualties!!

Day 3 Gen. Lee had a plan to break the Union army –3 way attack led by huge infantry attack Led by George Pickett –Called Pickett’s charge –If it works, the war will end with the Confederacy the victor! –How do you think it goes?

Pickett’s Charge 14,000 Confederates charged through the open field up Cemetery Ridge. –Union army had cannons and defended men behind stone walls. The attack was a disaster. –½ the men die on the way across the field. –All of those who made it to the ridge were either captured of killed. Gen. Lee’s army is finally defeated… –He retreats back into Virginia on July 4, 1863

Gettysburg’s Address Nov. 19, 1863 –Pres. Lincoln traveled to Gettysburg to honor the soldiers who would be buried there. –Gave a speech where he reminded America that “these dead shall not have died in vain”

The War Turns in Favor of the Union July 4, 1863 –Gettysburg was won by the Union –General Grant Captured Vicksburg in Mississippi. –Importance? Lincoln was impressed by Gen. Grant; made him commander of the Union army. –Fired Gen. Meade for not destroying Gen. Lee

Grant’s Drive to Richmond The Wilderness Campaign –Series of battles launched by the North from May through June in northern and central Virginia. Goal: –Capture Richmond, Va! –However, Gen. Grant has a secret weapon.

Sherman’s March to the Sea 1864 –Lincoln needed a military victory to help him win re-election in Specifically deep in the South! Gen. William T. Sherman –Given orders to march southeast from Tennessee to Georgia –Destroy everything! Called Total War –Destroy all »Railroads »Industries »farms »homes »Crops »Livestock

Richmond, VA Before Gen. Sherman

Richmond,VA After Gen. Sherman

The South Surrenders April 9, 1865 –Gen. Lee has finally been captured by Gen. Grant’s army Decides to surrender his army instead of having more of his men killed Appomattox Courthouse –Place where Gen. Lee signs the surrender of his army to Gen. Grant

Losses of the Civil War 620,000 Americans dead. –More than all other military conflicts combined: American Revolution War of 1812 WWI WWII Vietnam Korea Persian Gulf War in Iraq

The President Decides to Celebrate April 14, 1865 –Pres. Lincoln decides to walk to the theatre to see a show Called “Our American Cousin” –Held at Ford’s Theatre »About 6 blocks from the White House.

Ford’s Theatre, 1865

Ford’s Theatre, today

Booth Pres. Lincoln Sat In.

Lincoln’s Booth, today

Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865 –John Wilkes Booth fatally shoots Pres. Lincoln at a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington D.C Pres. Lincoln is rushed across the street to a house. –Doctors called in but it’s too late… »Dies the next day.

Lincoln’s Death Bed

Pres. Lincoln Travels America one last Time… VP Andrew Johnson becomes 17 th POTUS –Job? Reconstruct the USA! Abraham Lincoln’s body is taken by train to his resting home of Springfield, Illinois –Train brought him through CVNP!