Education: Is it an essential ingredient for community-based Water Management? Cornelia Butler Flora Charles F. Curtiss Distinguished Professor of Agriculture Dept. of Sociology, Iowa State University Director North Central Regional Center for Rural Development

Scientific Information about conditions and threats Improved conditions Old Model

Force Economic Social pressure Internalization Positive sanctions Negative sanctions Shutting the system down Zoning Fines; High costs; lose farm payments or other incentives Cost share*; Lower costs; earn more Gain prestige; Feels they ought to, the educator will be disappointed in me Lose respect, behavior seen as detrimental by the community Wants to and knows how Doesn’t recognize a problem &/or doesn’t know how to solve it Influencing environmentally responsible behavior Voluntary Regulated

Capital Resources invested to create new resources over a long time horizon

Political Capital Cultural Capital Natural Capital Human Capital Financial/Built Capital Social Capital Healthy regional economy Social equity and empowerment Healthy ecosystems Self-sufficient families

Natural capital Air Water Soil Biodiversity (plants & animals) Landscape The biophysical setting that impacts human endeavors and is impacted by those activities.

Natural Capital Healthy ecosystems, multiple benefits oSystems and interdependence are recognized as characteristics of the biological and natural order oNatural sciences, social sciences, and humanities disciplines contribute to understanding of the environment and environmental issues oLearner connections to immediate surroundings provide a base for understanding larger systems, broader issues, causes and consequences oHuman communities are mindful of natural systems oEcosystems yield multiple community benefits oGenerates and makes use of data about the local conditions oThose with conflicting uses of the ecosystem seek common ground

Cultural CApital Symbols Ways of knowing Language Ways of acting Definition of what is problematic Cultural capital determines how we see the world, what we take for granted, what we value, and what things we think possible to change. Hegemony allows one social group to impose its symbols and reward system on other groups.

Cultural Capital Different heritages are maintained and valued Cultural differences are recognized and valued. Mechanisms to maintain ancestral languages and customs are in place Collaborations are willing to take the time to understand and build on different ways of knowing and doing. Takes into consideration the community as a whole, including: socio-political, economic, historical, and cultural influences Builds on locally existing skills and resources Reaches people in multiple ways

Human Capital education skills health values leadership The characteristics and potentials of individuals that are determined by the intersection of nature (genetics) and nurture (determined by interactions and environment)

Human capital Increased use of the knowledge, skills, and abilities of local people oQuestioning and analysis skills oKnowledge of environmental processes and systems oSkills for understanding and addressing environmental issues Personal and civic responsibility Identifying skills, knowledge and ability Increasing skills, knowledge and ability Using skills, knowledge and ability Recombining skills, knowledge and ability

Social Capital mutual trust reciprocity groups collective identity sense of shared future working together The interactions among individuals that occur with a degree of frequency and comfort. Bonding social capital consists of interactions within specific groups and bridging social capital consists of interactions among social groups.

Social Capital Bonding –Tight, exclusive networks –Strong distinction between insiders and outsiders –Single answer focus Bridging –Open and flexible networks –Permeable and open boundaries –Legitimization of alternatives

BRIDGING SOCIAL CAPITAL B O N D I N G S. C. External control via local elites/ or bosses Community Social Capital Typology Community Conflict with outside/internal factionalism Conflict with outside/internal factionalism Apathy;extremeindividualism Participatory Participatorycommunityaction

Social Capital Strengthened relationships, communication, community initiative, responsibility, & adaptability Evolves from work with a coalition or group Supports a person who takes responsibility for managing or leading the process, and relies on quality group planning and facilitation techniques Builds effectiveness through linkages to other communities, partners, and resources Relates to long-term community vision & goals

Political capital Organization Connections Voice Power Political capital is the ability of a group to influence the distribution of resources within a social unit, including helping set the agenda of what resources are available.

Political Capital Increased voice and influence Excluded people are organized and work together Excluded people know and feel comfortable around powerful people The issues of excluded people are part of the political agenda Builds value for education as part of policy development and implementation Offers avenues for participation which are competent, fair, and enhance involvement for all levels of responsibility Builds skills for flexibility and responsiveness to environmental issues and for facilitating community engagement

Financial Capital debt capital investment capital tax revenue savings tax abatement grants Forms of money used to increase capacity of the unit that accesses it. Financial capital is often privileged because it is easy to measure, and there is a tendency to put other capitals into financial capital terms.

Built capital Housing Sewers Water systems Business space Day care centers Roads Electronic communication Human-constructed infrastructure used as tools for production of other capitals

Alaska Rural Community Health Economic Solution (ARCHES) Financial/Built Capital New facilities New jobs in the community held by Alaska Natives Basic primary community health services accessible to all Professionals in the community spending in the community Economic environment improved for other enterprises Natural Capital Distance Ecosystem potential Weather/Climate change Biodiversity Cultural/traditional support for ecosystem based activities Cultural Capital Village chooses student Village members feel comfortable in higher education settings Tribal governments involved in health service delivery Ancestral health traditions Human Capital Individuals with the capacity to deliver health services Individuals have the capacity to act for community economic improvement Healthier people More Alaska Natives with career ladders Individual and family empowerment Social Capital Communities able to recognize and deal with own problems Communities know how to access outside resources Institutions change to be more flexible in response to village circumstance Community empowerment Political Capital Employment is created by government entity, creates on-going relationships to increase village’s leverage Services delivered are reimbursed by third party players Local decision-making and regional plans inform each other Healthy Individuals Healthy communities

Continuous Learning Reflection Action Measurement