Wingra Engineering, S.C.1 Influence of Emission Estimates on BACT for Iron Foundry Core Making Steven Klafka, PE, DEE Wingra Engineering, S.C. A&WMA Conference.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
IRON & STEEL FOUNDRY MACT COMPLIANCE ASSURANCE
Advertisements

Right the st 1 Time! Pacific Steel Casting Company Est
Utah Pollution Prevention (P2) Association Pacific States Cast Iron Pipe Company Achievements in Pollution Prevention.
Manufacturing Processes
ME 330 Manufacturing Processes CASTING PROCESSES (cont.)
Developing Coal Tar/ Petroleum Pitches
WARM ASPHALT MIXTURES Necessity for a thermal approach The case of LEA Y.Martineau USIRF LEA-CO 31th MAY 2007.
USEPA Petroleum Refinery Enforcement Emerging Issues February 22, 2011.
NOx Sources and Control Methods CE/AE 524B Air Pollution J. (Hans) van Leeuwen.
1 Metal Casting Processes Chapter 11 Test yourself!
Main Ingredients Silica Sand Lime (from limestone), Magnesium Oxide Aluminum Oxide Sodium Carbonate (Soda Ash)
Wingra Engineering, S.C.1 Evaluating Local Impacts of a Utility SCR Retrofit Project Steven Klafka, PE, DEE Wingra Engineering, S.C. A&WMA Conference 2002.
Nano-Concrete: Possibilities and Challenges P.N.Balaguru Rutgers University Ken Chong and Jorn Larsen-Basse National Science Foundation, USA.
FET Environmental Primer Air Regulations: Permitting Basics
Wingra Engineering, S.C.1 Challenging a Title V Operation Permit with the Part 70(8) Petition Process: An Aluminum Foundry Case Study Steven Klafka, PE,
H. Sand Casting Types Of Sand Mold Uses and Advantages Disadvantages of Sand Casting.
Badger Foundry Company 103 Years of Excellence.
Control of Nitrogen Oxides Dr. Wesam Al Madhoun. Specific sources of NO x Combustion sources Automobiles Boilers Incinerators High-temperature industrial.
GLASS vs. PLASTIC Which is better for the beverage industry?
Re-Use of Waste Foundry Sand By Shaun Lindfield – Safety & Environmental Engineer Precision Disc Castings Ltd.
Annexure – I Cupola & Electric Furnaces
Quality Control Testing
0 Casting since about 4000 BC… Ancient Greece; bronze statue casting circa 450BC Iron works in early Europe, e.g. cast iron cannons from England circa.
 A mixture is two or more substances that have been combined without any chemical reaction. The substances can easily be separated by boiling or dissolving.
IE 337: Materials & Manufacturing Processes
Moulding Materials and their Characteristics
Course Code : ME 326 Manufacturing Technology 1 (3,0,0) Scope and Objective of the Course: This course discusses the various aspects of manufacturing technology.
The problem of foundry production is manufacture of billets and machine parts by pouring fused metal into a casting mould, whose cavity has the shape of.
Miscellaneous Organic NESHAP Compliance for a New Countermeasure Flare Production Facility at the Milan Army Ammunition Plant FRANKLIN engineering group,
Russell City Energy Center Voluntary GHG BACT Determination Bay Area Air Quality Management District June 14, 2011 Brian Lusher Senior Air Quality Engineer.
Manufacturing Process A sequence of operations, often done on a machine or at a given area During a manufacturing process, we add, subtract, or form materials.
Workshop to Discuss Proposed Amendments to Motor Vehicle CNG Fuel Specifications February 2002 California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources.
1 MAGNA M A G N A DIGITECH INDIA PRIVATE L I M I T E D NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT NEW PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT By V.Neville Gnanaraj.
BART Control Analysis WESTAR August 31, 2005 EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards Todd Hawes
GHG BACT Developments Justin Fickas Clay Raasch. Overview ˃ Since January 2011, Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) have been evaluated under Prevention of Significant.
1. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) – Naturally occurring and man- made. 5,505.2 mmts emitted in 2009, GWP = 1 Methane (CH 4 ) - Naturally occurring and man-made.
riser cutoff & gate removal
GHG BACT Analysis Case Study Russell City Energy Center May 2010 Donald Neal Vice President, EHS.
MANUFACTURING PROCESS Prof. Kiran Gore Unit -3. What is ‘Manufacturing’?  Process of converting raw material in to finished goods, with the combination.
Casting & Welding Engineering (IE 203) Second Year, Industrial Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Fayoum University Dr. Ahmed Salah Abou Taleb.
1 WRAP Oil & Gas Phase II Work Plan: 2002 and 2018 Area Source Inventory Improvements and Area Source Controls Evaluation WRAP Stationary Sources Forum.
Module 7 Mobile Sources. MCEN 4131/ Preliminaries Design night Thursday 7:30? How many will come? Pizza party at the Sink, Tues May 2 6pm Conference.
METAL CASTING Dipersiapkan oleh: MOERWISMADHI ST. MT
Best Available Control Technology/Lowest Achievable Emission Rate Evaluation Sarah Fuchs Air Permits Division Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.
Wingra Engineering, S.C.1 Evaluation of Gas Turbine Air Quality Impacts from a Community Perspective Steven Klafka, PE Wingra Engineering, S.C Electric.
Metal Forming The following slides will show you some of the various ways that metal products can be shaped or formed.
Kalpakjian Schmid Manufacturing Engineering and Technology © 2001 Prentice-Hall Page 12-1 CHAPTER 12 Metal Casting: Design, Materials, and Economics.
Mobile Source Control Division September 25, 2003 Monitoring and Laboratory Division Board Hearing California Air Resources Board Control Measure to Reduce.
Sand Casting making by: Mahmod abd elnabe
Analytical Laboratories - Potential and Restricted Emissions Kevin Tyson, Air Quality Analyst Wednesday, December 10, 2014.
Foundry Sands Silica (SiO 2 ) or silica mixed with other minerals Good refractory properties ‑ capacity to endure high temperatures Small grain size yields.
DRAFT: 9/10/98 REINFORCED PLASTICS MACT STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT FOR EXISTING OPEN MOLDING SOURCES Briefing Package for Outreach Meeting with Small Businesses.
Shell Molding Casting process in which the mold is a thin shell of sand held together by thermosetting resin binder Figure 11.5 Steps in shell‑molding:
W.C.I.F. PRACTICAL PRESENTATION AUGUST Ahmed Abrahams.
METAL CASTING PROCESSES 1.Sand Casting 2.Other Expendable Mold Casting Processes 3.Permanent Mold Casting Processes 4.Foundry Practice 5.Casting Quality.
By Kai Evans and Andrew Duran
American Foundry Society Saginaw Valley Chapter Foundry in a Box American Foundry Society Saginaw Valley Chapter FIB Station Signs1.
SHAPE CASTING PROCESSES Casting Processes. Common Shape Casting Processes.
CASTING PROCESS.
Feedback Controlled Brushless DC Motor: Personal Electric Vehicle Application Summary Lecture.
MCQ. 1. the process of converting of row material in to finished product using machine is called as __________ a. Finishing process b. Metal cutting process.
Cupola Furnace.
Lignin to Adipic Acid By: Jose Cabrera, Amanda McAliney,
Metal Casting Processes
Steven Klafka, PE, DEE Wingra Engineering, S.C. A&WMA Conference 2002
Chapter 14 Part 3.
METAL CASTING PROCESSES
FS Beneficial Use in Ohio: Important Considerations
Boiler Sheltered Initiative
Michigan Air Quality Division
Presentation transcript:

Wingra Engineering, S.C.1 Influence of Emission Estimates on BACT for Iron Foundry Core Making Steven Klafka, PE, DEE Wingra Engineering, S.C. A&WMA Conference 2002

Wingra Engineering, S.C.2 Iron Foundry Case Study Existing iron foundry in Indiana. Addition of two coldbox core making machines with combined capacity of 6 tons per hour. Project required Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) air quality permit. Permit requirements included determination of Best Available Control Technology (BACT). PSD applicability based on plant-wide VOC emissions increase from “debottlenecking”.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.3 Core Making Process Cores form internal space in castings. Molten iron poured into molds flows around core to form internal voids. Cores - mixture of sand & organic resin. Resin type is phenolic-urethane. Catalyst used to activate resin.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.4 Core Making Process Cont’d Mixing Organic binder mixed with silica sand. Core Forming Sand/resin mixture blown into the mold box. Catalyst injected to cure resin. Catalyst purged from core machine. Storage Core removed for finishing, storage, delivery.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.5 Core Making Flow Diagram Mixing Core Machines Core Storage BaghouseScrubber VOCPM, VOC VOC

Wingra Engineering, S.C.6 VOC Emissions from Catalyst VOC generated by catalyst and resin Catalyst Emissions Triethyl Amine or TEA Typical usage: 2-7 lbs/ton of core Proposed usage: 3 lbs/ton of core Assume 100% of catalyst emitted from core machines.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.7 VOC Emissions from Resin Resin Emissions Evaporation of VOC constituents from mixing, core machine & storage Function of resin usage & VOC content Little attention to resin losses in prior BACT analyses or permits. Loss Range = lbs/ton of core

Wingra Engineering, S.C.8 Resin VOC Emission Methods American Foundryman’s Society (AFS) “Form R” booklet. Ohio Cast Metals Association (OCMA) study in Resin manufacturers evaporation tests Core making stack tests

Wingra Engineering, S.C.9 AFS Form R Booklet Produced by AFS and the Casting Industry Suppliers Association. Assist foundries with Form R TRI. Provides estimates for reportable chemicals in core and mold binder. Estimates fraction of resin remaining in core and fraction released.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.10 Resin Loss Using AFS Form R Total Resin Loss = 0.215%

Wingra Engineering, S.C OCMA Study Laboratory resin evaporation tests. Measured weight loss during mixing, forming, and storage. No catalyst used during test. Based on 1% resin in core sand.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.12 Resin Loss using OCMA Study Total Resin Loss = 3.26%

Wingra Engineering, S.C.13 Resin Manufacturer Tests Based on OCMA methodology. Various resins evaluated to compare evaporative losses. Resin alternatives suitable for Indiana project.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.14 Resin Loss from Manufacturers Total Resin Loss = 1.2 to 3.0%

Wingra Engineering, S.C.15 Core Making Stack Tests Conducted on existing operations Tests for mixing and core machine Testing of core storage area not practical due to open area. Total VOC measured by Method 25 TEA measured by Method 25A

Wingra Engineering, S.C.16 Resin Loss using Stack Tests Mixing Method 25A: 0.54 lbs VOC/hr, 0.40% of resin Method 25: 0.61 lbs VOC/hr, 0.45% of resin Core Machine Method 25A: 14.0 lbs VOC/hr Method 25: 16.5 lbs VOC/hr Method 25: 17.6 lbs TEA/hr, 3.4 lbs VOC/ton TEA emissions > Total VOC Resin loss measurements not possible.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.17 Resin Loss Comparison MethodAFSOCMAMfg AMfg BTest Resin Loss (%) (lbs/ton) (lbs/ton)

Wingra Engineering, S.C.18 Final Mixing Loss Estimate Mixing Loss Test used Resin A; project to use Resin B Combined stack test and mfg lab tests Resin B Loss = 0.45% Resin A Loss x (1.2/3.0) = 0.18% Resin B Loss = 0.14 lbs/ton Resin A Loss x (1.2/3.0) = 0.05 lbs/ton

Wingra Engineering, S.C.19 Core Machine Loss Estimate Core Machine Loss Combined stack test and mfg lab tests Mfg Total Resin B Loss – Mixing Loss 0.36 – 0.05= 0.31 lbs/ton Storage Loss Losses included with core machine.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.20 BACT Control Options Mixing Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer Carbon Adsorption Core Machine Packed Bed Scrubber Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer Carbon Adsorption

Wingra Engineering, S.C.21 Mixing BACT Analysis

Wingra Engineering, S.C.22 BACT for Mixing High cost effectiveness due to relatively low VOC emissions. IDEM feasibility “threshold” of $8,000 per ton of VOC removed. No add-on controls required.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.23 Core Machine BACT Analysis

Wingra Engineering, S.C.24 BACT for Core Machine RTO and carbon adsorption exceed IDEM threshold for economic infeasibility. RTO exceeds cost effectiveness used for prior Wheland BACT of $4,928/ton. Packed bed scrubber considered BACT.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.25 RTO Cost Effectiveness Versus Resin Loss B A B A

Wingra Engineering, S.C.26 Effect of VOC Loss on RTO Cost Cost effectiveness varies with catalyst usage and resin losses. Typically values can result in RTO as BACT. If case study foundry had used Resin A -- Core machine resin loss increases from 0.36 to 0.90 lbs/ton. Cost effectiveness decreases to $7,676/ton. RTO becomes economically feasible and BACT.

Wingra Engineering, S.C.27 Conclusions Use of RTO on core making operations will receive serious consideration for future BACT evaluations. Cost effectiveness and feasibility of control options are dependent on catalyst usage and resin losses. Resin losses, though small, effect the outcome of the BACT analysis.