Biotechnology Biotechnology is the combination of technology and biological sciences. 1. Selective breedingBiology (Prentice Hall) Inbreeding Chapter 13 Genetic Engineering Hybridization Pages 319 to Genetic Engineering Electrophoresis Gel DNA fingerprint Cloning Genetically Modified Organisms Name of the technique Brief description of what is involved in the technique One specific example of how this technique has been used How humans have benefited from that technique? What are the concerns?

Selective Breeding choosy discriminating reproduction procreation crossing mating Definitions of breeding: Producing offspring by the selection of parents Giving birth to young Reproduce In context Rabbits breed quickly Breeding dogs and raising puppies can be an extremely rewarding experience or it may produce frustration and failure. Goal: Understand the meaning of “Selective Breeding” New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Selecting Breeding 1. Examine apples of different varieties 2. Record the color, shape, size, taste. 3. Circle the most desirable traits for an apple you would like to grow 4. How could you produce an apple that has the best traits of all 5 varieties? 5. Most apple trees do not produce fruit until they are about 15 years old. How could you use your knowledge of DNA to produce a new variety of apple more quickly Sweet Tart Juicy SourCrunchy Red delicious Machintosh Granny Smith Gala Wild apple Type Color Shape Size Taste Red deliciousMacintoshGranny SmithGalaWild apple redgreenyellowgreenYellow round Flat mediumbigsmallbigVery small sweettartjuicysourcrunchy Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Selective Breeding The breeding of animals or plants that have desirable characteristics Breeding an organism that has a desirable trait with another so that the desirable trait is passed to the next generation. Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Inbreeding Inbreeding is the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics. Goal: Understand the Process of Inbreeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Goal: Understand the Process of Inbreeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Hybridization Hybridization is the crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms. DonkeyHorseMule Zeedonk Goal: Understand the Process of Hybridization New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey. Hinny, a cross between a female donkey and a male horse. Mule and hinny are examples of reciprocal hybrids. Zeedonk or Zonkey, a zebra/donkey cross. Zorse, a zebra/horse cross Beefalo, a cross of an American bison and a domestic cow. This is a fertile breed. Zubron, a hybrid between wisent (European bison) and domestic cow. Ligers and Tiglons (crosses between a lion and a tiger) and other Panthera hybrids such as the lijagulep. Example of Hybrids Goal: Understand the Process of Hybridization New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

4. To produce large tomatoes that are resistant to cracking and splitting, some seed companies use the pollen from one variety of tomato plant to fertilize a different variety of tomato plant. This process is an example of _________________________________ 5. White short-horned cattle and Black Angus cattle have been crossed to produce offspring with superior beef and rapid growth qualities. This process of choosing organisms with the most desirable traits for mating is known as _______________________ Selective breeding (Hybridization) Selective breeding (Hybridization) Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

which crosses consists of Selective Breeding for example Inbreeding Hybridization Similar organisms Dissimilar organisms for example Organism breed A Organism breed B Retains desired characteristics Combines desired characteristics which which crosses which Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

which crosses consists of Selective Breeding for example Inbreeding Hybridization Similar organisms Dissimilar organisms for example Organism breed A Organism breed B Retains desired characteristics Combines desired characteristics which which crosses which Section 13-1 Concept Map Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Name of the technique Brief description of what is involved in the technique One specific example of how this technique has been used The breeding of animals or plants that have similar characteristics Crossing dissimilar organisms to combine the best of both Mule, a cross of female horse and a male donkey Breeding of dogs or horses Inbreeding Hybridization

Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating Name of the technique InbreedingHybridization What are the benefits? What are the concern? To preserve traits that make each breed unique To obtain a new organism with the best of both parents Offspring may not retain unique features (those features breeders are interested in) Lack of variation: Most of the members of a breed are genetically similar Diseases spread easily in the cloned population Offspring may suffer from a number of genetic defects and diseases: blindness, joint deformities,…

For many years, humans have used a variety of techniques that have influenced the genetic makeup of organisms. These techniques have led to the production of new varieties of organisms that possess characteristics that are useful to humans. Identify one technique presently being used to alter the genetic makeup of an organism, and explain how humans can benefit from this change. Your answer must include at least: (1) the name of the technique used to alter the genetic makeup (2) a brief description of what is involved in this technique (3) one specific example of how this technique has been used (4) a statement of how humans have benefited from the production of this new variety of organism TechniqueDescriptionExample How humans have benefit from these technique InbreedingReproduction of individuals with similar traits Breeding Dogs or horses To obtain a desired line of organisms HybridizationCrossing dissimilar organisms to combine the best of both Cross disease resistance of one plant with the food- producing capacity of another. To obtain plants and animals farmers need to increase food production Goal: Understand the Process of Selective Breeding New Word: Select, choose, breeding, mating, crossing, reproducing, procreating

a)Crossing individuals with different traits is called ________________________ b)Breeding individuals with similar characteristics is called __________________ c)Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms ___________________________ d)The continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics_____________ hybridization inbreeding hybridization inbreeding