David K. Mineta Deputy Director, Office of Demand Reduction Office of National Drug Control Policy Reforming the Response To Substance Use: A Drug Policy for the 21 st Century Annual Commonwealth Prevention Alliance Statewide Conference June 10, 2015

Component of the Executive Office of the President Coordinates drug control activities and related funding across the Federal Government Produces the annual National Drug Control Strategy Office of National Drug Control Policy

Prevention Each dollar invested in a proven school-based prevention program can reduce social costs, including those related to substance use, by an average of $18. 1 Each dollar invested in a proven school-based prevention program can reduce social costs, including those related to substance use, by an average of $18. 1 Effective drug prevention happens Effective drug prevention happens on the local level. on the local level. Prevention must be comprehensive: Prevention must be comprehensive: – evidence-based interventions in multiple settings multiple settings – tested public education campaigns – sound public policies 1 Miller, T. and Hendrie, D. Substance Abuse Prevention Dollars and Cents: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, DHHS Pub. No. (SMA) Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2008.

Examples of Risk and Protective Factors Risk Factors Early Aggressive Behavior Poor Social Skills Lack of Parental Supervision Substance Use Drug Availability Poverty Domain Individual Family Peer School Community Protective Factors Self-Control Positive Relationships Parental Monitoring & Support Academic Competence Anti-Drug Use Policies Strong Neighborhood Attachment Reduce these Elevate these Effective Prevention Programs Source: Preventing Drug Use: A Research-Based Guide, NIDA, 2 nd Ed, 1997

9/2014 Source: SAMHSA, 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (September 2014). Escalation of Drug Use During The Teen Years

12 th Graders’ Past Year Marijuana Use vs. Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use 12 th Graders’ Past Year Marijuana Use vs. Perceived Risk of Occasional Marijuana Use Perceived risk is significantly lower from 2013 to Source: University of Michigan, 2014 Monitoring the Future study (December 2014). 12/2014

Non-users used 1 Dx used 2 Dx used 3 Dx Average Point Difference in IQ score (IQ at age 13 – IQ at age 38) Persistent Marijuana Users Show a Significant IQ Drop between Childhood and Midlife Source: Meier MH et al., PNAS Early Edition 2012 Followed 1,037 individuals from birth to age 38. Tested marijuana use at ages 18, 21, 26, 32 and 38. Tested for IQ at ages 13 and 38. [Compton, W. (2014, June 10). Drug Abuse/Addiction Prevention: Good for Educational Outcomes? Academic Achievement Forum.]

Skipping Class Less Studying Hours Decreased Motivation Poor Quality/Less Sleep Cognitive Problems Declining GPA Dropping Classes Lost Opportunities (internships, work, special studies) Delayed Graduation Failure to Graduate Attenuation of Goals Lack of Readiness for Employment Underemployment Short-term Manifestations Long-term Outcomes Intermediary Processes Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Association between Substance Use, Mental Health, and Student Outcomes Arria, A. M., Caldeira, K. M., Bugbee, B. A., Vincent, K. B., & O’Grady, K. E. (2013). The academic opportunity costs of substance use during college. College Park, MD, Center on Young Adult Health and Development.

Drug-Free Communities Support Program Small amount of U.S. Federal funding combined with local resources and volunteer support Mobilize community leaders to identify and respond to the drug problems unique to their communities Focus on community change to reduce drug use 9

What Does All This Mean? Working Together, We CAN Change the Course! Change the Course!

Conclusionwww.whitehouse.gov/ondcp