7th Edition Medical Terminology for Health Professions Ann Ehrlich/Carol L.Schroeder © 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology Chapter 15

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Overview of Diagnostic Procedures, Nuclear Medicine, and Pharmacology

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Basic Diagnostic Procedures Vital signs Auscultation Palpation and percussion Basic examination instruments

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Vital Signs Temperature: average normal is 98.6°F (Fahrenheit) or 37.0°C (Celsius) Pulse: rhythmic pressure against walls of an artery caused by beating of heart Respiration: number of complete breaths per minute Blood pressure: force of blood against walls of arteries

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Pulse Points of the Body

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Ausclatation Auscultation –Listening for sounds within the body –Performed through a stethoscope

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Palpation and Percussion Palpation –examiner’s hands feel texture, size, consistency, and location of body parts Percussion –determines density of a body part by sound produced by tapping surface with fingers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Basic Examination Instruments Ophthalmoscope: to examine interior of eye Otoscope: to examine external ear canal and tympanic membrane Speculum: to enlarge opening of a canal or cavity for inspection of its interior Stethoscope: to listen to sounds within the body

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent positions Sims’ position Knee-chest position Lithotomy position Examination Positions

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent Positions Horizontal recumbent position –also known as supine position –patient is lying on the back, face up –used for examination and treatment of anterior surface of the body and for x-rays Dorsal recumbent position –patient lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent –used for examination and treatment of the abdominal area and for vaginal or rectal exams (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent Positions Lithotomy position –patient lying on back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups –used for vaginal and rectal examinations and during childbirth (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Recumbent Positions Prone position – patient lying on abdomen face down Sims’ position – patient lying on left side with right knee and thigh drawn up with left arm placed along back Knee-chest position – patient lying face down with hips bent so knees and chest rest on table

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Laboratory Tests Blood tests Urinalysis

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Endoscopy Visual examination Endoscopic surgery

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Centesis Centesis: a surgical puncture to remove excess fluid or to remove fluid for diagnostic purposes Used alone as a noun, or as a suffix in conjunction with the combining form, describing the body part being treated (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Centesis Examples of centesis –abdominocentesis –arthrocentesis –cardiocentesis –pericardiocentesis

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Imaging Techniques Radiography (x-ray) Computerized tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Fluoroscopy Diagnostic ultrasound

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Nuclear Medicine Utilizes radioactive substances for both diagnosis and treatment purposes.

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Radiographic Projections and Positioning Projections Positioning Basic radiographic projections

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Terms Related to Pharmacology Addiction Adverse drug reaction (side effect) Compliance Contraindication Drug interaction (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Terms Related to Pharmacology Palliative Paradoxical drug reaction Placebo Idiosyncratic reaction Potentiation (synergism)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions albumin/o –albumin, protein calc/i –calcium, lime, the heel -centesis –surgical puncture to remove fluid creatin/o –creatinine (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions glycos/o –glucose, sugar -graphy –the process of producing a picture or record hemat/o –blood, relating to the blood lapar/o –abdomen, abdominal wall (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions -otomy –cutting, surgical incision phleb/o –vein radi/o –radiation, x-rays -scope –instrument for visual examination (continues)

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Key Word Parts and Definitions -scopy –visual examination son/o –sound -uria –urination, urine

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Questions

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question In Sim’s position, which is used for examining the rectal area, the patient is lying: a.face down b.on the left side with the right knee drawn up c.on the back with the knees up

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer b. on the left side with the right knee drawn up

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question A lipid panel measures the ability of the liver to secrete bilirubin into the bile. True or False?

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer False. A lipid panel measures the amount of cholesterol in a blood sample. A serum bilirubin test measures the ability of the liver to secrete bilirubin into the bile.

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question Which of these operations cannot be performed using laparoscopic surgery? a.appendectomy b.cholecystectomy c.cesarean section

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer c. cesarean section

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Question Elephants have an average pulse of 27, and for canaries the average is 1,000. What is the average pulse for human beings? a.90 b.120 c.65

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answer c. 65

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Answers to Learning Exercises

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Matching Word Parts lapar/o albumin/o calc/i creatin/o glycos/o Matching Word Parts centesis hemat/o otomy graphy son/o Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Matching Word Parts scopy radi/o uria phleb/o scope Definitions hypnosis speculum computed tomography tolerance ultrasonography calciuria C-reactive protein dorsal recumbent bruit pyuria Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Matching Techniques CT x-rays centesis fluoroscopy MRI Which Word? idiosyncratic positron emission radiopaque intraoral brand-name Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Spelling Counts auscultation sphygmomanometer fluoroscopy contraindication ophthalmoscope Abbreviation Identification erythrocyte sedimentation rate nothing by mouth as needed temperature, pulse, respiration white blood count Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Term Selection pericardiocentesis hematuria naturopathy anti-inflammatory parenteral Sentence Completion projection stridor phlebotomist otoscope acupressure Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Word Surgery abdomin/o, -centesis cine-, radi/o, -graphy ech/o, cardi/o, -graphy bacteri, -uria pharmac, -ology True/False True True False False True Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Clinical Conditions ketonuria white blood hypothermia palpation crossmatch barium transesophageal allopathic medicine glycosuria percussion Which Is the Correct Medical Term? adverse creatinuria acupressure MRI lithotomy Chapter 15 Answers

© 2013 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved Challenge Word Building hypoproteinemia hyperalbuminemia hyperglycosuria cystoscope pleurocentesis cystogram hypocalcemia hypercalciuria pyemia hyperproteinuria Labeling Exercises prone horizontal knee-chest dorsal lithotomy Sims’ intramuscular subcutaneous intravenous intradermal Chapter 15 Answers