Timeline 1249 Louis IX takes Damietta. Death of al-Salih (r ). Turan-Shah absent. Shajar al-Durr conceals death. Feb 1250 Muslims defeat Crusaders at al-Mansura.

Timeline 1250 Turan-Shah arrives in Egypt. Louis IX captured, then released in exchange for Damietta. May 1250 Turan-Shah murdered by the Mamluks. Shajar al-Durr elected sultana, reigns for three months, then replaced by Aybeg al-Turkumani.

Timeline Reign of al-Zahir Baybars as sultan Baybars takes Antioch Louis IX dies while crusading in North Africa Reign of al-Mansur Qalawun as sultan Qalawun takes Tripoli.

Timeline Reign of al-Ashraf Khalil as sultan Khalil takes Acre and mops up most remaining crusader strongholds on Levantine coast. Cyprus remains in hands of crusaders until 16th century, with occasional crusades launched from there with no success. No European states on Levantine coast until colonial era.

Timeline Bahri Mamluk Sultanate Burji Mamluk Sultanate. Word List bahr (river) burj (tower)

Timeline 1258 End of ‘Abbasid caliphate in Baghdad Baybars establishes ‘Abbasid caliphate in Cairo Ottomans take power from Mamluks. Word List Sufis (Muslim mystics) tariqa (Sufi group) Ottomans

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Façade of complex of Qalawun (1284). (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam (London: Paul Hamlyn, 1966), p. 107.) Interior of mausoleum of Qalawun. (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam, p. 107.) Sultan Hasan Complex, Cairo (F) Sultan Hasan Complex. Plan. (Ernst J. Grube, The World of Islam, p. 108.) Sultan Hasan Complex. View from the East. (F) Sultan Hasan Mosque, Cairo Ablution fountain. Courtyard. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Sultan Hasan Mosque, Cairo Detail, compared with the dome of the tomb of Hafiz, Shiraz (bt. 1953). (F) Sultan Hasan Mosque, Cairo View of qibla wall, main iwan (mosque). (F) Sultan Hasan Mosque, Cairo View of the mihrab of the Sanctuary iwan (interior). (F) Minarets of Jerusalem - one of the four from the Haram al-Sharif compound. 15th c. (F - three slides) Minbar (summer pulpit) of al-Aqsa Mosque. Jerusalem. 14th c. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Interior of the Taynal Mosque of Tripoli. 14th c. (F) Portal of Amir Taynal Mosque of Tripoli. 14th c. (F) Interior gate of the Taynal Mosque of Tripoli (F) Entrance portals and muqarnas, Tripoli. (F) Gate of the Madrasa al-Qartawiyya of Tripoli (F) Entrance to al-Ashrafiyya Madrasa. Jerusalem. 15th c. (F) Mihrab of mosque, Madrasat al-Firdaws. Aleppo, Syria. 13th c. (F) Stalactite, Madrasat al-Firdaws; Aleppo, Syria. 13th c. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Entrance to cotton vendors’ souk. Jerusalem. (F) Turba (Tomb) of Turkan Khatun, Jerusalem. (F) Detail of frieze of turba of Turkan Khatun, Jerusalem. (F) Sabil of Kayitbay, Jerusalem. Haram al-Sharif, 15th c. (F - 2 slides) Dome of Mausoleum of Kayitbay (1474). (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 142.) Decorative marble floor coverings. Ablutions courtyard of Qaratay Madrasa. Tripoli. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Wall tile of enameled ceramic. AD Damascus. Coat of arms of the Mamluk sultan, al-Ashraf Barsbay. (F) Mamluk Blazons. (Carole Hillenbrand, The Crusades, Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1999), p. 227.) Baybars' Bridge, Lod (Lydda), Israel (bt. 1273). (Wikimedia Commons: < Baibars_bridge_Lod_Israel.jpg>.) Baybars' Bridge, Lod (Lydda), Israel (bt. 1273); close-up of relief. (Wikimedia Commons: < wiki/File:BaibarsBridge22a.JPG>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Collection of gold jewels. 13th c. Necklaces. (F) Collection of gold jewels. 13th c. Necklaces and a ring. (F) Baptistère St. Louis. Egypt or Syria. c cm. (F) Canteen: brass hammered and inlaid with silver and black organic material. Enthroned Madonna. Syria. Mid-13th c. (F) Mamluk Glass Lamp. (Robert Hillenbrand, Islamic Art and Architecture (London: Thames and Hudson, 1999), p. 156.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Mosque Lamps, Syria or Egypt, 13th-14th c. (Niall Christie, Private Collection: < mosquelamps.jpg>.) Bottle with polo players, Egypt or Syria, c Glass with enamel and gold paint. (Volkmar Enderlein et al., Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), p. 83.) Bottle with polo players, Egypt or Syria, c Glass with enamel and gold paint. (Niall Christie, Private Collection: < www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/poloriderbottle1.jpg>.) Bottle with polo players, Egypt or Syria, c Glass with enamel and gold paint. (Niall Christie, Private Collection: < www3.telus.net/nchristi/FINA224slides/poloriderbottle2.jpg>.)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Qur’an illumination. For Sultan Sha‘ban’s madrasa. Cairo x 51 cm. Ink, gold, and colour on paper. (F) Miniature of an automaton water dispenser. From a copy of al-Jazari’s Kitab fi Ma‘rifat al-Hiyal al-Handasiyya (Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices). From Syria or Egypt (F) Silk tapestry-woven panel. c x 107 cm. Qasr Ibrim, Egypt. (F) Mamluk carpet. Egypt. c x 1.34 m. (F)

Object List F = Ferret, A = Archnet Mamluk Egyptian pile carpet. Early 16th c. (2 x 1.5m). (F) Shadow-play figure, Egypt, 15th c. (Volkmar Enderlein et al., Museum für Islamische Kunst (Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 2001), p. 85.)