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Subsea cables: Jugular veins for Africa’s Global Communications AfriNIC Cairo April 21-22nd 2009 CORPORATE Yves Poppe Director Bus. Dev. IP services

Member of the Tata Group 125-year old largest private sector group $62.5 billion in revenues Acquired VSNL in February 2002 VSNL acquired Tyco in Nov 2004 VSNL acquired Teleglobe in Feb 2006 Teleglobe, Tyco, VSNL and VSNL International became Tata Communications on February 13th 2008 Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Major shareholder in Neotel NOTES Introduction - Our purpose is to introduce how we position the company in the context of the world around us Taking a set of building blocks that include: How we’re structured to serve a global client base [Click 1 – International Business Group facts], 2) Our large and highly scalable cross border, trans-oceanic network [Click 2 -- Global Network Assets facts], 3) The powerful financial stability and systems integration capabilities/IT synergies of the TATA Group [Click 3 – TATA Group facts], and 4) Extensive connectivity and service suite in, to and within India [Click 4 – VSNL India facts]. VSNL International Background Facts TATA Group took management control on February 13, 2002 Ownership: 46% TATA Group, 28% Public, 26% Indian Government Key Financials FY2003-04 – Revenue $703M and Net Profit $84M TATA Group Background Facts Contribute to 2.6% of India’s GDP $14.25 billion revenue in FY 2003 Over 91 operating companies Over 235,000 employees worldwide TATA Indicom supports over 1.6 million domestic CDMA Mobile customers and its Enterprise Business Unit is the #1 domestic communications service provider for Global Fortune 500 CORPORATE

High speed transmission circa 1870 CORPORATE

Cable landing stations back then Mess Quarters, Aden Cable Station circa 1905 Suez - The Eastern Telegraph Company Ltd http://www.atlantic-cable.com/ CORPORATE

The Grandfather of Global Networks: All Red Line completed in October 1902 CORPORATE

From undersea telegraph to undersea voice                                                                            In the 1950s new technology put cables ahead of radio. Small vacuum tubes that could operate under water for 20 years or more meant that amplifiers could be buried at sea with the cable. This boosted the cable's information capacity to the point that it could even carry telephone signals. Small vacuum tubes like this could be buried at sea with the cable for years. They helped to increase a cable's information-carrying capacity by more than a thousandfold. From undersea telegraph to undersea voice Borrowed from : The Underwater web, Smithsonian Institute http://www.sil.si.edu/Exhibitions/Underwater-Web/uw-credits.htm CORPORATE

The first decade of transoceanic subsea fiber optics 1986; First international subsea optical cable between U.K. and Belgium 1988: TAT-8 becomes the first transoceanic optical cable 1992: TAT-9 and TAT-10 with 565mb capacity each 1993: TAT-11 with 2x565mb, the first gigabit level transoceanic cable! 1994: Cantat-3 with 5gig! 1998: Atlantic Crossing 1 with 840 gig design capacity! Then came the terabit years CORPORATE

Ten years later (end 2008) Approx. 25 Terabit capacity under the atlantic 13 Terabit circling South America 23 Terabit under the Pacific; another 14.72Tb in 2009-2010(TPE,AAG, Unity) 33Tb East and North-East Asia 2.5Tb Europe-Asia; another 14.3Tb for 2009-2010 (IMEWE, EIG, MENA) Only 0.355 Terabit circling the west part of the African continent, nothing on the east-side but that will change considerably over the next three years starting with Seacom later this year. December 2007: VSNL announces Eurasia express in cooperation with Telecom Egypt; 1.28Tb capacity, RFS 2009 MENA: India to Italy, 5.7Tb, RFS Q4 2009 EIG: India to UK, 3.84Tb, RFS Q2 2010 CORPORATE

Circling the world on Tata Communication owned Submarine Cable TGN Eurasia Intra-Europe Trans-Pacific London Trans-Pacific New York Frankfurt San Francisco Tokyo Hong Kong Trans-Atlantic Mumbai SMW 3 & 4; FEA TGN Intra-Asia Singapore TIC, i2i & SMW 4 New Cables SAT3 & SAFE Capacity Purchase Cable Name Connecting Ownership TGN-Intra Asia Singapore Hong Kong, Japan, Vietnam, Philippines Majority Owner TGN-Eurasia India to France via Egypt Cable Name Connecting Ownership IMEWE India, Middle East, Egypt, Italy, France Consortium Member SEACOM India, Egypt, South Africa Initial Capacity Owner CORPORATE

I-ME-WE as currently under construction Expected Length ~ 13,000km 3.84 Tb capacity on 3 fiber pairs Target RFS: 2H2009 9 parties connecting 8 countries and 10 landing points India -Mumbai (Bharti and Tata Telecom)i Pakistan - Karachi (PTCL) UAE - Fujairah (Etisalat) Saudi Arabia - Jeddah (STC) Egypt - Suez and Alexandria (Ogero Telecom, Telecom Egypt Lebanon - Tripoli Italy - Catania (Sparkle) France - Marseille (France Telecom) Combining SMW-4, IMEWE, TGN-EA, SMW-3 will provide Tata Communications a four route from India to Europe and increase the diversity that is available on this route CORPORATE

TGN – EurAsia Tata Communications Joint Build for an express route cable from India to Europe Expected Length 9,000km Planned for 2 fiber pairs Day One Capacity: 160 Gbps Design Capacity: 1.28Tbps Design Life ~ 25 years Cable Builder: Tyco Landing Locations: Mumbai Egypt – 2 landings Marseille TGN-EA CORPORATE

The Gulf Cable Project Tata Global Network Trans-Atlantic Kuwait KSA Bahrain Qatar Trans-Pacific Tata Global Network UAE Oman Mumbai CORPORATE for discussion purposes only

South Asia - Gulf States/Middle-East- Europe Network Diversity In addition to FLAG, SMW-3 and SMW4, the upcoming IMEWE, TGN-EA, Orascom s MENA and EIG will provide the region vastly increased South Asia – Middle East – Europe capacity and diversity and help circle the African continent CORPORATE

Global investments in subsea cables 2006-2008 Source: Terabit Consulting Africa could go from 2% to 20% of investments during next 4 years. CORPORATE

Africa: the three SAT’s                                                                                                                                                                     SAT-1: 1968 SAT-2: 1993 SAT-3: 2001 WASC/SAFE: 2002 See: http://atlantic-cable.com/CableCos/SouthAfrica/index.htm CORPORATE

East Africa: The missing link EASSY: The original project consisted of two fibre pairs with a capacity of 640 Gigabit; estimated cost of $200 million ; 8840 km Unfortunately, disagreements nearly derailed and delayed the project by around five years. CORPORATE

East Africa : 4 or 5 cables instead of just one? FLAG NGN Full capacity: 2.56Tbps RFS: ? EASSY Full capacity: 320Gbps RFS: mid 2010 TEAMS Full capacity: 320 Gbps RFS: mid 2009 CORPORATE Maps by Telegeography

SEACom Cable System First Cable system connecting E. Africa to S. Africa, India and Europe Length: 13,000km Cable Locations: South Africa (Mtunzini) Mozambique (Maputo) Madagascar (Toliary), Tanzania (Dar es Salaam) Kenya (Mombasa) India (Mumbai) Djibouti (Djibouti) France (Marseille) Ultimate Capacity: 1,280 Gbps City-to-City Connectivity onto the Tata Communications Networks in Europe, India, & USA Full Range of Service Offerings including: E1, DS-3, STM-1 through STM-64 Lease and IRU Contracts available Expected RFS: 2H2009 CORPORATE

And on the African West Coast : WACS is going forward The 14,000km submarine cable will run from Cape Town to the UK with landings in Namibia, Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, Cape Verde, the Canary Islands and Portugal. The WACS consortium comprises eleven companies that signed the WACS Construction and Maintenance Agreement: Angola Telecom, UK-based Cable & Wireless, Portugal Telecom, SOTELCO (Congo), Telecom Namibia, Togo Telecom, India's Tata Communications and four South African firms - Broadband Infraco, Telkom SA, MTN and Vodacom. 3.84Tb design capacity, RFS 2011 US$600 million investment April 2009: contract awarded to Alcatel CORPORATE

Other West African projects: MainOne, Glo-1, ACE Main One: Nigerian initiative RFS end 2010 1.2Tb design capacity Glo-1: Lagos –London expansion ACE: France Telecom initiative RFS 2011 CORPORATE

Situation in 2011 if all these projects materialize…. CORPORATE

AS6453: Globe spanning dual stack IPv4/IPv6 Tier-1 IP Backbone We are ready, join us, surf the transition wave and be ready for new revenue streams in a global mobile internet Explosive growth OC48/192 MPLS backbone 70% year over year traffic growth Courtesy of User generated Content and p2p: Youtube, Myspace etc IP Network at a glance 1500+ Gbps of Backbone Capacity Carries 750+ Petabits globally per month; Fully dual stack IPv4 and IPv6 CORPORATE 21

Proportion of customers AS’es connecting in dual stack to AS6453 Data at year end CORPORATE

IPv6 traffic : from some drops to a trickle, the IPv4 dam is leaking Free (France) AMS-IX (Amsterdam) As presented at RIPE CORPORATE

Some final thoughts Technological evolution of subsea cable capacity has been astounding Ownership of subsea cable capacity and cable build initiatives has shifted dramatically from the West to the East over the last five years. Rapid shift from mature western markets to emerging economies. Satisfying customers in a mobile internet and multimedia world will necessitate considerable amounts of global bandwidth Start transition to IPv6 now; internet fragmentation is just unthinkable in a global economy betting its telecommunications future on IP convergence. CORPORATE

« These days all competitive advantages are fleeting « These days all competitive advantages are fleeting. So the smartest companies are learning to create new ones – again and again and again » Robert D. Hof , Business Week, BUSINESS www.tatacommunications.com