APA, 5 th Edition Made Easy How A Scholarly Paper Should Look By Freda Turner, Ph.D. Updated 3/25/2003 UOP

Basics Font: Courier, Times New Roman, 12 point Margins, 1.0 all around- ragged right margin left margin can be l.5 inches if instructor has requested the paper to be bound. Everything is double spaced – this includes quotes and reference page. (APA, 2001, pp )

Title Page Page numbers start with title page by setting header feature of your software. Header includes 2 or 3 words from title, then 5 spaces and page number. See example of Title Page on next slide. See example of a title page on the next slide. (APA, 2001, p. 288)

Title page 1 Running head: YOUR TITLE Appropriate Title Your name University of Phoenix (APA, 2001, p. 306) Optional –ask instructor

2 2 Easy Rules on Quotes 1. Short quotes with fewer than 40 words are incorporated into text and enclosed by quotation marks. Example: “Approximately 27% of the workforce displays poor emotional intelligence” (Miele, 1993, p. 276). (Publication Manual, 2001, p. 118)

Block Quote over 40 words Miele (1993) found the following: The ‘placebo effect,’ which had been The ‘placebo effect,’ which had been verified in previous studies disappeared when verified in previous studies disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner. behaviors were studied in this manner. The behaviors were not exhibited again The behaviors were not exhibited again even when real drugs were given. (p. 40) even when real drugs were given. (p. 40)

Electronic Quotes Properly cited sources add to the researcher’s credibility. Electronic Example: As Myers (2000, para. 5) aptly phrased it, “positive emotions are great.” (APA Handbook,, 2001, p. 120)

Citations (Cheek & Turner, 1981, p. 332) (Jones, 1989, chap. 3) (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5) (Bow, 2000, Summary section, para. 1) (APA, 2001, pp )

Reference or References Reference page follows text and references must be discussed and cited in text. If you have 5 different references listed on your reference page, you must have 5 citations in the text. (APA, 2001, p. 313)

Watch reference indentations! Double space references. First line is flush left with remaining lines of reference indented 5 spaces Next slide provides an example

Example 4 References Elkind, D. (1978). The child's reality: Three developmental themes. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Issac, G. (1995). Is solar disorder timed? Adolescents, 30 (118), (APA, 2001, p. 215; 313)

No Author Reference Citation No Author Reference Citation Book, no author or editor: Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10 th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: (10 th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Note references are flush left with 2 nd & 3 rd lines indented, no author (APA, 2001, p. 249)

No Author, Web Citation No Author, Web Citation Title of article. (1987). Retrieved July 7, 2002, from URL _________ from URL _________ Another example of online retrieval: History of South West Airlines. Retrieved July 8, 2003, from ProQuest database. 2003, from ProQuest database. (APA, 2001, p. 231)

Electronic retrieved material Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, Retrieved October 23, 2002, from UOP Retrieved October 23, 2002, from UOP ProQuest data. ProQuest data. OR OR Jones, G. (2001). Role of reference elements. Prevention Research, 5, Retrieved Prevention Research, 5, Retrieved October 13, 2001, from October 13, 2001, from

Newspaper Article, Electronic version Hills, P. J. (1999, February 16). In Hills, P. J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times. people flunk out. New York Times. Retrieved November 21, 2000, from Retrieved November 21, 2000, from (APA, 2001, 279)

Computer Software Reference Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer software]. Westminter, CA: Psytek software]. Westminter, CA: Psytek Services. Services. (APA, 2001, p. 280)

No Author/no Date Example Alphabetize works with no author by the first word in the title. Example: The new health-care lexicon. (1993, August/September). Health Care Today, 4, August/September). Health Care Today, 4, Or (NO AUTHOR, NO DATE) Document title or name of Web page. (n.d.) Or (NO AUTHOR, NO DATE) Document title or name of Web page. (n.d.) Retrieved [date] from [URL] Retrieved [date] from [URL]

Same Author Variables arrange alphabetically by title References Jones, J. R. (2001a). Control…. Jones, J. R. (2001b). Roles of …. (APA, 2001, pp )

Same Authors, Different Year of Publication; list oldest publication first Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2000). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001). Jones, J. R., & Wright, K. (2001). (APA, 2001, p. 221)

Common Knowledge Exception to the citation rule: Common knowledge–commonly known facts (e.g., Washington D.C. is the capital of the U.S.) does not need a citation even if one had to look up the data. When in doubt, CITE references and citations

Adding Emphasis If you want to emphasize a word or words, italicize them. Do not put them in quotations marks. If you want to emphasize a word or words, italicize them. Do not put them in quotations marks. Wrong: He is “politically correct.” Wrong: He is “politically correct.” Correct: He is politically correct. Correct: He is politically correct. Information on emphasis added to original presentation by Bette Keeling, PhD, RN, CNAA. (APA, 2001, p. 100)

Common APA Felonies Failure to: Double space EVERYTHING Remember ragged right edge Quotes need 3 things (authors last name, year of publication and p/para number, URL, chapter, etc.) References flush left for first line and never use author’s first name, only initials.

APA is easy What is new: Updates on: apastyle.org

Consequences of not citing is called Plagiarism

Roots of Plagiarism Roots of Plagiarism The word “plagiarism” is derived from a Latin word for stealer, or kidnapper, and by extension literary thief.

Plagiarism is using another’s: Plagiarism is using another’s: Words/Facts Words/Facts Graphs/Charts Graphs/Charts Direct quotes Direct quotes

Alarming 2001 Statistics Alarming 2001 Statistics Rutgers survey of 2,100 students at 21 colleges illustrates the issue: 74% admitted to some kind of cheating. 90% of students believe that cheaters are either never caught or have never been appropriately disciplined- - US News and World Report poll (Straw, 2002, para. 1)

University of Phoenix  University of Phoenix Academic Policy: Students are subject to disciplinary Students are subject to disciplinary actions for “intentionally or knowingly actions for “intentionally or knowingly representing the words or ideas of representing the words or ideas of another as one's own in an academic another as one's own in an academic exercise.” exercise.”

APA, 5 th Edition revised 03/2003 Send comments/recommendations to Dr. Freda Turner