  hfjnfv]n, nlntk'/ k|:t'tstf{  ;'lgns'df/ kl/of/,

k|:t'tstf{M ;'lgns'df/ kl/of/

:jfutd !!

 cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld  cWoogsf] cf}lrTo  kqklqsfdf ;+slnt ;fd'bflos agdf blnt alGrtLs/0fsf s]xL emns  cWoogsf] p4]Zo  cWoogsf] ljlw  cWoogsf] glthf  gLltut ;'emfax?

 ;fd'bflos jg sfo{qmd ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t Ps ;kmn / gjLgtd\ sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf /fli6«o Pj+ cGt/fli6«o :t/df :yflkt.  ;f=j=dflysf] clwsf/, lhDd]jf/L tyf ;~rfng klqmof :yfgLo ;d'bfodf x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf]n] ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt.  xfn;Dd ;f=j=p=;=n] !,&!&,*!! x]S6/ If]qkmn cf]u6]sf] -jg  ljBdfg cWoogx?n] ;f=j=leq ul/a, blnt tyf dlxnfx?nfO{ ;fdflhs c;dfgtf / alx:s/0f u/]sf] lgZsif{ - Gentle et al 2007, Pokharel and Nurse 2004, Banjade et al 2004 _.

 blntx? ;a}eGbf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo ePsf]n] / pgLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{g jgdfdfly cfl>t ePsfn].  ljBdfg jg;DalGwt sfg'gL tyf gLltut Joj:yfx? blnt tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf nflu qmdzM v's'nf] x'‘Fb} uPklg sfof{Gjg kIf lkmtnf] /x]sf] cj:yf.  blntx?sf] ;f=j= tyf dWojtL{ jgdf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf tyf gLltut sfo{qmdsf] lbzflgb]{z ug{ of] cWoog ul/Psf] xf].  ;fd'bflos jgdf blnt alGrtLs/0fsf 36gf tyf ;dfrf/ kqklqsfdf cfPsfn].

;fd'bflos agn] blntsf] za hnfpg sf7 lbPg., sflnsf:yfg ;fd'bflos ag,b}n]v

;fd'bflos jgsf] ;b:o aGgsf nflu ?= !) xhf/ b]lv ! Nffv ;Dd

b]z}e/L ;fd'bflos jgdf blntx?sf] alGrtL/0f b]lvG5.

o; cWoogsf] d'Vo p2]Zo rfn / tfn If]qdf /x]sf ;fd'bflos jgdf blntx?sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] cj:yfaf/] kl/If0f ug{' xf]. cWoogsf ljlzi6 p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M  blntx?sf] jgdflysf] lge{/tfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jg Joj:yfkgdf pgLx?sf] kxF'raf/] n]vfhf]vf ug]{.  ;f=j=df nfef+z afF8kmf6 / ;dfj]zLs/0f cEof;af/] kl/If0f ug]{.  ;f=j=jgdf blnt ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt / Jojxf/af/] ljZn]if0f u/L cGt/ kl/rfg ug]{.  ;fd'bflos jgdf blnt ;dfj]zLs/0faf/] pQd / v/fa cEof;sf] k|efjnfO{ clen]lvs/0f ug]{.  blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] pQd gLltut ;+oGqaf/] l;kmfl/; ug]{.

 cWoog k4ltM ;xeflutfd"ns ax'b[li6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t k/fdz{ kl4lt, tyf k|s6Ls/0f / k|df0fLs/0f k4lt.  8]:s l/Eo" M jg;DaGwL ljleGg sfg'gL k':tsx?, hg{n, kqklqsf, ;f=j=sf] ljwfg, sfo{of]hgf cflb.  cWoogsf] If]qM rfn / tfn If]qsf # lhNnfx? sf:sL, tgx'‘, / k;f{sf !$ uflj;af6 5gf}6 ul/Psf cf]6f ;f=j=p=;=x? / dWojtL{ jgdf # cf]6f ;d"xx?df of] cWoog ul/Psf] xf].  cWoogsf] 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f, #) cf]6f ;d"x s]lGb|t 5nkmn, $! cf]6f d'Vo ;"rgfbftf;+u cGt/jftf{ / # cf]6f 36gfjnL cWoog ul/Psf] lyof].

 ;e]{If0fg'zf/ ^) k|ltzt w/w'/L s[lif{df / *( k|ltzteGbf a9L 3/w'/L jgdf cfl>t.  bfp/f, 3fF;,uf]n,sf7df k|ltjGw  blnt ;b:ox?nfO{ ;f=j=p=;=af6 alx:s/0f.  ;j]{If0f blnt 3/w'/L dWo] !(Ü ;fd'bflos jgaf6 alGrt sf/0f ;r]]tgfsf] sdL, ;dosf] cefj,ef}uf]lns las6tf, / hflto e]befa / blntsf] cfjfhsf] ;'g'jfO{ gx'g' k|d'v.  blntx?sf] ;fwf/0f e]nfdf ;xeflutf lgs} sdL -$&Ü slxNo} efu glnPsf]_, ;xefuL gx'g'sf sf/0fdf ;"rgf gkfP/ %Ü, hLljsf]kfh{gsf sf/0fn] ;do gldn]/ / j]jf:tf e]l6of].  blnt jgsf] 5]pdf j:g] ePklg ;fgf] / 6'qm] jgdf ;Lldt u/fOlbg] cWoogn] b]vfPsf].

x]S6/ 3/w'/L !))-a|fDx0f,If]lq_ ;fn k|hflt / /fd|f] cfDbfgL lbg] jg. If]qkmn ^ blnt 3/w'/L ;fdfGo ?kdf lrnfpg],s6'; ePsf] tyf vfnL hUuf

 ;f=j=p=;=sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:odf blntx?sf] /fd|} pkl:ylt -**Ü_ ePklg d'Vo kbdf hDdf dfq kfOof]. pgLx? k5fl8 kg'{df u}/blntx?n] Ifdtfsf] cefjsf] cf/f]k nufP eg] blntx?n] To;nfO{ ;fdflhs lje]bsf] ?kdf lnPsf] kfOof].  &! k|ltzt pQ/bftfn] blntx?sf nflu nfef+zsf] ljz]if Joj:yf gePsf] atfP eg] k|ltztn] s]xL yfxf gePsf] atfP eg] dfq & k|ltzt o;df ;xdt kfOof].  ;fd'bflos jgsf] sf]ifdf blntx?sf] kx'Fr cToGt Go"g ^ k|ltzt dfq -To;dWo] !Ü 3'DtL sf]ifaf6, #Ü Aofhdf ljgf Aofhdf_ / afFsL ($ k|ltzt kx'Fraflx/ /x]sf] e]l6of].  ;f=j=sf] sfo{of]hgfdf &% k|ltzt /sd ;fd'bflos ljsf;sf nflu 5'§fpg] Aoj:yf ePklg o;af/] (& k|ltzt pQ/bftf o;af/] cglj1 /x]sf kfOof] / afFsL #Ü dfq o;af/] hfgsf/L /fv]sf] kfOof].

 jg P]g, lgodfjnL nufot jg;DaGwL sfg'gL ;+oGqx? blnt ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] ;Gbe{df df}g /x]sf] tyf ;fd'bflos jg ljsf; sfo{qmd ;du| ;LdfGts[t ;d'xsf nflu a9L ;dfj]zL b]lvPtfklg blntx?sf] kIfdf ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ ;ls/x]sf] 5}g.  ;fd'bflos jgsf] gLlt tyf sfg'gL k|fjwfg x'Fbfx'b} klg blntx?n] kmfObf lng g;Sg'df ;r]]tgfsf] sdL tyf gLlt / Jojxf/aLr /x]sf] 68\sf/f] cGt/nfO{ d'Vo sf/0f dflgPsf] 5.  jg dGqfnosf] n}+lus tyf ;fdflhs ;dfa]zLs/0f /0fgLlt ePklg ;f] cg'zf/ sfd gePsf] / o;nfO{ nfu' ug{ sf]xL klg pbf/ /x]sf] b]lvb}g.  blntx?nfO{ ha 7"nf ;f=j=af6 ;fgf / phf8 vfnsf jgdf ws]lnG5 pgLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{g klg v:sb} hfg] / pgLx?sf] :jfdLTj u'd]kl5 lg/fzf a9\b} hfg] b]lvof]. o;n] jgk|ltsf] rfk a9fpg] :ki6 b]lvG5.

 blntx?sf] jgdflysf] lge{/tf lta| ePklg pgLx?sf] ;f/e"t kxF'r sfod x'g g;Sbf ;du| hLljsf]kfh{gdf gs/fTds c;/ kg]{ b]lvof].  o; cWoogn] blntx?sf] ;fd'bflos jgdf nfef+z afF8kmf6 tyf ;dfj]zLs/0f cEof;df lgs} 7"nf] cGt/ ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5. ;f=j=sf] dd{ cg';f/ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] k|lqmofnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg blntsf] If]qdf w]/} sfd ug{ afFsL /x]sf] ;+s]t of] lgZsif{n] ub{5.  ;f=j= / dWojtL{ ;fd'bflos jgdf blnt ;dfj]zLs/0f;DaGwL gLlt / Jojxf/df 68\sf/f] leGgtf /x]sf] el6of]. gLltx? cfkm}df ck"0f{ x'Fbfx'b} klg sfof{Gjg kIf emg\ lkmtnf] eOlb+bf blntx?sf] c;dfj]zLs/0f a9]sf] 5.  o; cWoogn] ;f=j=df jgdf blnt ;dfj]zLs/0faf/] s]xL /fd|f cEof; / w]/} v/fa cEof;nfO{ cf}+NofPsf] 5. o;af6 ca /fd|f cEof;lt/sf] ofqf l5§} cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ bafj ;[hgf ePsf] 5.

 ;fd'bflos jgn] blnt ;d'bfonfO{ lgMz'Ns uf]n pknAw u/fO{ k/Dk/fut k]zfnfO{ ;fd'bflos agn] k|a4{g ug{' kg]{.  ;fd'bflos jgsf] pkef]Qmf ;ldltsf] d'Vo kbx? dWo] s'g} Ps kbdf blntsf] k|ltlgwLTj ;'lglZrt u/fO{ h];L kf]ln;Lsf] kfngf x'g'kg]{.  ;fd'bflos jgaf6 blnt ;d'bfonfO{ lg0f{o k|ls|of,;xeflutf, / nfesf] Gofof]lrt ljt/0fsf] ;'lglZrttf u/fpg k|f]T;fxg tyf u'hf/f eQfsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg]{.  blnt ;d'bfonfO{ jg k}bfj/-3fF;,bfp/f,sf7_ lgz'Ns ?kdf pknAw x'g'kg]{.  clwsf+z ;fd'bflos jgsf] sf7 6]08/ k|ls|ofaf6 lals| ljt/0f x'Fbf blnt ;d'bfox? dsf{df kg]{ ePsf]n] pQm ultlalwnfO{ tTsfn /f]s nufpg\ kg]{.  laleGg ;fd'bflos jgx?n] agsf] sf]if rsf]{ Jofhdf l/gdf nufO{ kl/rfng ul/Psf] / o;af6 blnt ul/a dsf{df k/]sf]n] ;f] Joj:yf tTsfn vf/]h u/L ;f=a=sf] sf]ifdf blnt,lakGg au{sf] kxFr' a9fpg' kg]{.  hnafo' kl/jt{gsf nflu /]8sf] gfddf ul/a blntsf nflu cfPsf] tyf elaiodf cfpg] ;xof]u tyf o;;+u ;DalGwt sfo{s|dx? nlIft au{;Dd ;f]em} k'Ug] Joj:yf ul/of]; / o; ;+u ;DalGwt laifosf lg0f{o k|ls|of / ;+/rgfx?df blntx?sf] ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTjsf] ;'lZlrttfsf] ul/g‘kg]{.  ;fd'bflos agsf] sf]ifsf] /sdsf] k|ltzt /sd blntsf nflu vr{ x'g'kg]{.  ;fd'bflos jg tyf ;du| ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t jgdf cf>Lt blnt ;d'bfosf] rfk w]/} a9\g] x'gfn] plgx?sf] /f]huf/L tyf vfB ;'/Iffdf laz]if Joj:yf jgaf6 ul/g' kg]{.  ;fd'bflos jg tyf vfnL klt{ hUufx?df e"ldlxg blntnfO{ plrt Joj:yfkg ul/g' kg]{.  ;d'bfodf laleGg ;d'bfo,hflt,au{ / lnËsf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] / xfnsf] ;fd'bflos agn] o:tf] ljljwtf,\If]qkmn / 3/w'/L tyf u'0ffTds jgsf] nfe afF8kmfF8df tfnd]n] gldn]sf sf/0fn] ;fd'bflos jgsf] k'g/;+/rgf ul/g'kg]{.

 ag gLlt tyf /0fgLltx?df blntx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] :ki6 k|ltzt ls6f0f u/L ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{ b]lvG5.  o; cWoogsf] glthf cg';f/ clwsf+z blntx? ;r]tgfsf] sdL / cglj1tfsf] sf/0f ;f=j= tyf dWojtL{ jgsf] ;du| k|lqmofdf ck]lIft ;dfj]zLs/0f x'g g;]sf]n] t'?Gt} Ifdtf clej[l4 tyf ;r]tgf sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{kg]{ b]lvG5.  jgdfly cfl>t blnt ;d'bfosf] 3gTj cToflws ePsfn] pgLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{gnfO{ ljljlws/0f Nofpg] vfnsf sfo{qmdx? h:t}, sa'lnotL jg, agdf cfwfl/t s[lif{, jgsf] sf]if kl/rfng u/L cfocfh{gsf sfo{qmd cflb ;~rfng ug'kg]{ b]lvG5. o;n] jg ;+/If0fdf yk 6]jf k'¥ofpg ;S5.  eO/x]sf /fd|f gLlt tyf sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjgdf ;d:of b]lvPsfn] To;nfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5.

 Any comments suggestion please ?

;xof]uL ;+:yf xl/of] jg sfo{s|d cWoog 6f]nL /fd rGb| nfld5fg] l/k' s+'j/ lai0f' g]kfnL u0f]z nfdf 8f= /l;nf b];f/ k|]d s+8]n ef]nf e6\6/fO{ ;'lgns'df/ kl/of/

Sunil Kumar Pariyar Chairperson Dalit Alliance for Natural Resources(DANAR)- Nepal Anamnagar,Kathmandu,Nepal Website:danarnepal.org.np Phone: /