GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location/Maps/ Regions/Geography Terms

GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms

LOCATION Place Names Relative Location Exact Location labels for locations toponyms Relative Location location relative to other locations situation Exact Location geographic grid (38 °N 120 °W) latitude & longitude site

Location/Geographic Grid relative, exact, place names Geographic Reference Points Equator North and South Poles Geographic Grid Latitude & Longitude

Longitude Locating Places Using The Geographic Grid Latitude

GEOGRAPHIC GRID Equator - A circle that divides the globe into two equal halves or hemispheres of north and south. Located at 0 ° latitude

GEOGRAPHIC GRID North and South Poles - located at right angles or 90° from the plane of the equator. 90

is the angular measurement North or South of the Equator Latitude is the angular measurement North or South of the Equator

Parallels are circular lines used to indicate latitude

the angular measurement LONGITUDE - the angular measurement East or West of England

Meridians are arcs used to indicate longitude

Prime Meridian: The meridian, designated as 0° E, W longitude, that passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.

International Date Line: An arc that follows 180° longitude E,W. When crossing the date line, the calendar is turned forward or backward one day, depending on direction of travel.

Latitude is angular measurement north and south of the equator Longitude is angular measurement east and west of England

What are the coordinates of point "P"?

GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms

MAPS & GLOBES Tools of the Geographer – Globes – round models of the earth Maps – flat representations of the earth Remote Sensing Images Photographic Satellite collection of data Geographic Information Systems

MAPS Maps show shape area distance & direction Map: flat representations of a globe Maps show shape area distance & direction

SCALE Scale: the size relationship between what the map shows and actual distance on the ground Large scale = small area Small scale= large area

SCALE Scale: the relationship between units on the map and actual distance on the ground Written Scale: one inch equals one mile Linear or Graphic Scale: |---------|---------|----------| Ratio Scale (representative fraction): 1:63,360

GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms

units of geographic study THE CONCEPT OF REGION Regions - units of geographic study

THE CONCEPT OF REGION Worlds within worlds Areas with unifying characteristics Regions may be large or small continental or local ie. World regions, countries, local regions Subregions regions within regions

THE CONCEPT OF REGION Regions may be economic environmental historical cultural other ideas?

THE CONCEPT OF REGION Formal Regions - clear definitive regions ie.city administrative region Functional Regions - regions that facilitate interaction between regions positive linkages & conflicts ie. ethnic regions

World Culture Regions

GEOGRAPHY BASICS Location Maps & Globes The Concept of Region Geography Terms

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Hearth: The region from which a phenomenon originates; a center of innovation.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distance Decay: The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Diffusion: The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people or technology from one region to another.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Spatial Interaction: The movement of people, goods, and ideas within and among regions.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Acculturation: The modification of a culture as a result of contact with a more prevalent culture.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Assimilation: Complete integration with dominant culture. Loss of distinguishing characteristics of original culture are lost with the second generation or later. The child will be assimilated, while the parents from another culture will acculturate.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distribution The regular arrangement of a phenomenon across Earth’s surface.

GEOGRAPHY TERMS Distribution includes: Density: How many of something exists within a given unit of area. Concentration: clusters or groupings of something. Pattern: The geometric or regular arrangement of something in an area.

Diffusion of Languages