Jean Piaget By: Quintin O’Boyle, Chance Glovier, & Micaihla Lango

Early Life Born in Switzerland August 9, 1896 ●1906 marked the creation of his first scientific writing ●1911 he began to publish writings on his own Studied natural sciences at University of Neuchatel ●Published two philosophical essays during this time ●Although they received high praise, he considered them to be “adolescent work” ●Received Ph.D during this time

Career After a semester in Zurich, where he became interested in Psychoanalysis, he left for France ●Spent a year at Ecole de la rue de la Grange-aux-Belles boys institute ○Studied how each child developed ○Compared his children vs boy’s in the institute ○Questioning the children ■ “Why are things are as they are?” ●Continued his writings of philosophical and psychological novels ●In 1972 Piaget defined the four stages of intellectual development

Cognitive Development Stages Stage:Age:Description: Sensorimotor 0-2 Reflex base Coordinate Reflexes Preoperational 2-6 (7) Self-Oriented Egocentric Concrete Operational 6 (7) - 11 (12) More than 1 viewpoint No abstract problems Consider some outcomes Formal Operational 11 (12) up Think abstractly Reason theoretically Not all people can reach this stage

Four Stages of Cognitive Development ●Sensorimotor Stage: Infants use schemas which involve body and sensation ○ An infant's knowledge of the world is limited to his or her sensory perceptions and motor activities. ○ Substages ■ Reflexes ■ Primary Circular Reaction ■ Secondary Circular Reaction ■ Coordination of Reaction ■ Tertiary Circular Reactions ■ Early Representational Thought

Four Stages of Cognitive Development ●Preoperational Stage: Emerges when mental images and symbols are used to understand and comprehend ○ Characteristics of the Preoperational Stage: ■ Language development ●Most kids don’t understand concrete logic ●Not having the ability to view another point of view leads to egocentrism ■ Role playing: children often take up roles of people around them ■ Egocentrism ■ Conservation- children don’t grasp the concept of conservation due to size and shapes

Four Stages of Cognitive Development ●Concrete Operations Stage: Use of logical schemas; understanding limited to solid objects and problems ○ Characteristics of Concrete Operations Stage: ■ Logic ●Inductive logic- involves going from specific experiences to a general principles ■ Reversibility ●understanding or the awareness that actions are reversible

Four Stages of Cognitive Development ●Formal Operations Stage: Ability to solve abstract problems ○ Characteristics of Formal Operations Stage: ■ Abstract thought- instead of relying on past experiences, children gain the ability to consider possible outcomes and consequences of actions ■ Problem-solving: the ability to systematically solve a problem in a logical and methodical way emerges.

Work Cited ●Understanding Psychology (2008) Richard A. Kasschau Ph. D, Glencoe/ McGraw-Hill ●Muskingum University (muskingum.edu) ● Jean Piaget Society (piaget.org)