Awareness Level Lesson 2A Presentation Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.

Are Hazardous Materials Present? What clues may indicate the presence of hazardous materials? What information do container shapes, placards, labels, and other markings give first responders? This lesson will help answer these questions and aid you in identifying the presence of hazardous materials. Awareness Level

Primary Clues Indicating Hazardous Materials Occupancy types, locations, and pre-incident surveys Container shapes Transportation placards, labels, and markings Other markings and colors (nontransportation) Written resources Senses Monitoring and detection devices Awareness Level

Purposes of Pre-Incident Surveys Reduce the number of on-site decisions Reduce oversights Reduce confusion Reduce duplication of efforts (1 of 2) Awareness Level

Purposes of Pre-Incident Surveys Identify the following items: Exposures to people, property, environment Types, quantities, and locations of hazardous materials Dangers of the hazardous materials Building features Site characteristics Possible access/egress difficulties Inherent limitations of the responding organizations (2 of 2) Awareness Level

Provisions Included in a LERP Identifications Reporting facilities High-risk facilities Likely routes for EHS transport Methods/procedures to be followed in the event of any release of an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) (1 of 3) Awareness Level

Provisions Included in a LERP Designation of a community emergency coordinator and facility emergency coordinators Procedures to be used by coordinators in notifying: Public Persons designated in the emergency plan Methods for determining the occurrence of a release and the area or population likely to be affected by such release (2 of 3) Awareness Level

Provisions Included in a LERP Description of emergency equipment and facilities in the community Evacuation plans Training programs Methods and schedules for exercising the emergency plans (3 of 3) Awareness Level

Commercial Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials Fuel storage facilities Gas/service stations and convenience stores Paint supply stores Plant nurseries, garden centers, and agricultural facilities Pest control and lawn care companies Medical facilities Photo processing laboratories Dry cleaners Plastics and high-technology factories (1 of 2) Awareness Level

Commercial Occupancies Containing Hazardous Materials Mercantile concerns Chemistry laboratories Lumberyards Feed/farm stores Veterinary clinics Print shops Warehouses Industrial and utility plants Port shipping facilities Treatment storage disposal facilities (2 of 2) Awareness Level

Hazardous Materials Found at Private Occupancies Drain cleaners Pesticides Fertilizers Paint products Flammable liquids Propane tanks Awareness Level

Locations Likely to Have Hazardous Materials Incidents Schools Private property Material transfer sites Locations involving modes of transportation Roadways Railways Waterways Airways Pipelines Awareness Level

Bulk Packaging Refers to a packaging, other than that on a vessel or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment Meets one of the following criteria: Maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (450 L) as a receptacle for a liquid Maximum net mass is greater that 882 pounds (400 kg) or maximum capacity is greater than 119 gallons (450 L) as a receptacle for a solid Water capacity is 1,001 pounds (454 kg) or greater as a receptacle for a gas Awareness Level

Nonbulk Packaging Is smaller than minimum criteria established for bulk packaging Composite packages and combination packages may also be classified as nonbulk packaging Awareness Level

Atmospheric/Nonpressure Containers Horizontal tank Cone roof tank Open top floating roof tank Covered top floating roof tank Covered top floating roof tank with geodesic dome Lifter roof tank Vapordome roof tank Atmospheric underground storage tank Awareness Level

Horizontal Tank Awareness Level

Cone Roof Tank Awareness Level

Open Top Floating Roof Tank Awareness Level

Covered Top Floating Roof Tank Awareness Level

Covered Top Floating Roof Tank with Geodesic Dome Awareness Level

Lifter Roof Tank Awareness Level

Vapordome Roof Tank Awareness Level

Atmospheric Underground Storage Tank Awareness Level

Low-Pressure Storage Tanks and Pressure Vessels Dome roof tank Spheroid tank Noded spheroid tank Horizontal pressure vessel Spherical pressure vessel Cryogenic-liquid storage tank Awareness Level

Dome Roof Tank Awareness Level

Spheroid Tank Awareness Level

Noded Spheroid Tank Awareness Level

Horizontal Pressure Vessel Awareness Level

Spherical Pressure Vessel Awareness Level

Cryogenic-Liquid Storage Tank Awareness Level

Rail Tank Cars Nonpressure tank car Pressure tank car Cryogenic liquid tank car Pneumatically unloaded hopper car High-pressure tube car Awareness Level

Nonpressure Tank Car Awareness Level

Pressure Tank Car Awareness Level

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Car Awareness Level

Pneumatically Unloaded Hopper Car Awareness Level

High-Pressure Tube Car Awareness Level

Cargo Tank Trucks Nonpressure liquid tank Low-pressure chemical tank Corrosive liquid tank High-pressure tank Cryogenic liquid tank Compressed-gas/tube trailer Dry bulk cargo tanker Awareness Level

Nonpressure Liquid Tank Awareness Level

Low-Pressure Chemical Tank Awareness Level

Corrosive Liquid Tank Awareness Level

High-Pressure Tank Awareness Level

Cryogenic Liquid Tank Awareness Level

Compressed-Gas/Tube Trailer Awareness Level

Dry Bulk Cargo Tank Awareness Level

UN/DOT Hazard Classes Class 1: Explosives Class 2: Gases Class 3: Flammable and combustible liquids Class 4: Flammable solids, spontaneously combustible materials, and dangerous-when-wet materials Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides (1 of 2) Awareness Level

UN/DOT Hazard Classes Class 6: Poison (toxic) and poison inhalation hazard Class 7: Radioactive materials Class 8: Corrosive materials Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods (2 of 2) Awareness Level

UN Commodity Identification Numbers A four-digit number assigned to each hazardous material listed in the current ERG Often displayed on placards, labels, orange panels, and/or white diamonds May be preceded by the letters NA or UN Also appears on shipping papers Assists first responders in identifying the material and referencing it in the ERG (1 of 4) Awareness Level

UN Commodity Identification Numbers Display methods for UN commodity identification numbers In a white rectangle inside a placard between the placard symbol and hazard class In an orange rectangle beneath the placard On a plain white square-on-point display configuration having the same outside dimensions as a placard (2 of 4) Awareness Level

UN Commodity Identification Numbers (3 of 4) Awareness Level

UN Commodity Identification Numbers Must be displayed on the following containers/packages: Rail tank cars Cargo tank trucks Portable tanks Bulk packages Vehicle containers containing large quantities of hazardous materials Certain nonbulk packages (4 of 4) Awareness Level

Parts of a DOT Placard Hazard Symbol Background Color Diamond shaped 4-Digit ID Number or Hazard Class Designation Hazard Class Number Awareness Level

Containers on Which DOT Placards May Be Found Bulk packages Rail tank cars Cargo tank vehicles Portable tanks Unit load devices over 640 cubic feet (18 m3) in capacity containing hazardous materials Certain nonbulk containers Awareness Level

DOT Placard Color Codes Explosive Oxidizer Flammable Health Hazard Water Reacative Nonflammable Gas Awareness Level

DOT Symbols Explosive Oxidizer Radioactive Flammable Poison Corrosive Nonflammable Gas Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 1: Explosives Division 1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard Division 1.2 — Explosives with a projection hazard (1 of 3) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 1: Explosives Division 1.3 — Explosives with predominantly a fire hazard Division 1.4 — Explosives with a minor explosion hazard (2 of 3) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 1: Explosives Division 1.5 — Substances that have a mass explosion hazard but are very insensitive Division 1.6 — Extremely insensitive detonating articles (3 of 3) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 2: Gases Division 2.1 — Flammable gases Division 2.2 — Nonflammable, nonpoisonous compressed gases (1 of 2) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 2: Gases Division 2.3 — Gases toxic by inhalation Oxygen placard — May be seen on containers with compressed gas or refrigerated liquid (2 of 2) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 3: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Flammable placard Gasoline placard (1 of 2) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 3: Flammable and Combustible Liquids Combustible placard Fuel oil placard (2 of 2) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 4: Flammable Solids, Spontaneously Combustible Materials, and Dangerous-When-Wet Materials Division 4.1 — Flammable solids Division 4.2 — Spontaneously combustible materials Division 4.3 — Dangerous-when-wet materials Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 5: Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Division 5.1 — Oxidizers Division 5.2 — Organic peroxides Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 6: Poison (Toxic) and Poison Inhalation Hazard Division 6.1 — Poisonous material Division 6.2 — Infectious substances Packing Group III (See labels) (1 of 2) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 6: Poison (Toxic) and Poison Inhalation Hazard Inhalation Hazard Placard Harmful Placard (2 of 2) Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 7: Radioactive Materials Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 8: Corrosive Materials Awareness Level

DOT Hazard Class 9: Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods Miscellaneous placard Dangerous placard Awareness Level

Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials Class 1: Explosives Thermal Mechanical Class 2: Gases Asphyxiation Chemical (1 of 5) Awareness Level

Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials Class 3: Flammable and combustible liquids Thermal Asphyxiation Chemical Mechanical (2 of 5) Awareness Level

Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials Class 4: Flammable solids, spontaneously combustible materials, and dangerous-when-wet materials Thermal Chemical Mechanical Class 5: Oxidizers and organic peroxides (3 of 5) Awareness Level

Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials Class 6: Poison (toxic) and poison inhalation hazard Chemical Thermal Class 7: Radioactive materials — Radiological hazards, including burns and biological effects (4 of 5) Awareness Level

Primary Hazard Characteristics of DOT Hazard Class Materials Class 8: Corrosive materials Chemical Thermal Class 9: Miscellaneous dangerous goods (5 of 5) Awareness Level

Characteristics of DOT Labels Provide same information as vehicle placards Are posted on packages Are 3.9-inch (100 mm), square-on-point diamonds, that (with the exception of Class 7 labels) may or may not have written text Require subsidiary risk labels for materials that meet the definition of more than one hazard class Awareness Level

Unique DOT Labels Explosive subsidiary risk Flammable liquid (1 of 6) Awareness Level

Unique DOT Labels Infectious substances Biohazard (2 of 6) Awareness Level

Unique DOT Labels Etiological agents (3 of 6) Awareness Level

Unique DOT Labels Radioactive I Radioactive II Radioactive III (4 of 6) Awareness Level

Unique DOT Labels Fissile Empty (5 of 6) Awareness Level

Unique DOT Labels Magnetized material Danger (cargo aircraft only) (6 of 6) Awareness Level

DOT Chart 12 Markings Hot Marine pollutant (1 of 4) Awareness Level

DOT Chart 12 Markings Inhalation hazard Fumigant (2 of 4) Awareness Level

DOT Chart 12 Markings Orientation ORM-D (3 of 4) Awareness Level

DOT Chart 12 Markings ORM-D-Air Inner packaging (4 of 4) Awareness Level

Other Markings and Colors Indicating Hazardous Materials Other markings, markings systems, labels, labeling systems, colors, color-codes, and signs may indicate the presence of hazardous materials May be as simple as a stenciled word May be site-specific Awareness Level

Specialized Systems for Hazardous Materials NFPA 704 Common hazardous communications labels International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Globally harmonized system Military markings Pipeline identifications (1 of 2) Awareness Level

Specialized Systems for Hazardous Materials Piping systems American Petroleum Institute (API) markings Pesticide labels Color codes (2 of 2) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Flammability Health Instability (1 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Provides a method for indicating the presence of hazardous materials at: Commercial facilities Manufacturing facilities Institutional facilities Other fixed-storage facilities (2 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Not designed for the following situations: Transportation General public use Nonemergency occupational exposures Explosive and blasting agents Chronic health hazards Etiologic agents, and other similar hazards (3 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Benefits of NFPA 704 Provides an appropriate signal to first responders that hazardous materials are present Identifies the general hazards and degree of severity for health, flammability, and instability Provides immediate information necessary to protect lives of the public and emergency response personnel (4 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Health — Blue 4 — Severe hazard 3 — Serious hazard 2 — Moderate hazard 1 — Slight hazard 0 — Minimal hazard (5 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Flammability — Red 4 — Flammable gases, volatile liquids, pyrophoric materials 3 — Ignites at ambient temperatures 2 — Ignites when moderately heated 1 — Must be preheated to burn 0 — Will not burn (6 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Instability — Yellow 4 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition at ambient conditions 3 — Capable of detonation or explosive decomposition with strong initiating source 2 — Violent chemical change possible at elevated temperature and pressure 1 — Normally stable, but becomes unstable if heated 0 — Normally stable (7 of 8) Awareness Level

NFPA 704 Special hazards Located at 6 o’clock Have no special background although white is most often used May contain one of two special symbols W — Unusual reactivity with water OX — Oxidizer (8 of 8) Awareness Level

Hazard Communications Labels and Markings A variety of labeling systems are used to comply with the requirements of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) Many resemble NFPA 704 Communicate hazards under normal conditions May have differences in ratings Usually provided on vertically stacked bars Awareness Level

Manufacturer’s Labels and Signal Words Must be used by chemical manufacturers and importers Must include one of four signal words if for consumer use: CAUTION — Minor health effects WARNING — Moderate hazards DANGER — Highest degree of hazard POISON — Highly toxic (pesticides) (1 of 2) Awareness Level

Manufacturer’s Labels and Signal Words Must include specific information: Name and business address of the manufacturer, packer, distributor, or seller Name of each hazardous ingredient Statement of the principal hazard Precautionary statements Instructions for first-aid treatment Instructions for special handling or storage Statement “Keep out of the reach of children.” (2 of 2) Awareness Level

Hazard Communication Symbols Biological Chemical Nuclear/ Radiological Carcinogen/ Cancer Awareness Level

U.S. Military Fire Division Symbols Division 1: Mass explosion May also be used for Division 5: Mass Explosion — Very insensitive explosives Division 2: Explosion with fragment hazard May also be used for Division 6: Nonmass Explosion — Extremely insensitive ammunition (1 of 2) Awareness Level

U.S. Military Fire Division Symbols Division 3: Mass fire Division 4: Moderate fire — No blast (2 of 2) Awareness Level

U.S. Military Hazardous Chemical Markings Wear full protective clothing (Set One) — Indicates the presence of highly toxic chemical agents that may cause death or serious damage to body functions Mnemonic: “Red You’re Dead” Wear full protective clothing (Set Two) — Indicates the presence of harassing agents Mnemonic: “Yellow You’re Mellow” (1 of 3) Awareness Level

U.S. Military Hazardous Chemical Markings Wear full protective clothing (Set Three) — Indicates the presence of white phosphorus and other spontaneously combustible material Mnemonic: “White is Bright” Wear Breathing Apparatus — Indicates the presence of incendiary and readily flammable chemical agents that present an intense heat hazard (2 of 3) Awareness Level

U.S. Military Hazardous Chemical Markings Apply No Water — Indicates a dangerous reaction will occur if water is used in an attempt to extinguish the fire (3 of 3) Awareness Level

U.S. Military Supplemental Chemical Hazards Markings G-Type Nerve Agents VX Nerve Agents Incapacitating Nerve Agent (1 of 2) Awareness Level

U.S. Military Supplemental Chemical Hazards Markings H-type Mustard Agent/ Blister Agent Lewisite Blister Agent (2 of 2) Awareness Level

Pipeline Marker Information Signal words CAUTION, WARNING, or DANGER Information describing the transported commodity Name and emergency telephone number of the carrier Awareness Level

Pipeline Color Codes Yellow — High-hazard materials Green — Low-hazard liquids or liquid mixtures Blue — Low-hazard gases or gaseous mixtures Red — Fire-suppression materials Awareness Level

Pipe Markings Identify contents of the pipe Additional information if special hazards are concerns Arrows showing direction of flow within the pipe Awareness Level

U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes Red — Means Danger or Stop; is used on containers of flammable liquids, emergency stop bars, stop buttons, and fire-protection equipment Orange — Means Warning; is used on hazardous machinery with parts that can crush or cut or energized equipment (1 of 3) Awareness Level

U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes Yellow — Means Caution; solid yellow, yellow and black stripes, or yellow and black checkers may be used to indicate physical hazards such as tripping hazards; also used on containers of corrosive or unstable materials Green — Marks safety equipment such as first-aid stations, safety showers, and exit routes (2 of 3) Awareness Level

U.S. and Canadian Safety Color Codes Blue — Marks safety information signage such as labels or markings indicating the type of required personal protective equipment (PPE) (3 of 3) Awareness Level

Summary Awareness-level first responders need to be able to identify the possible presence of hazardous materials at an incident. There are many clues that first responders need to be aware of and knowledgeable about. Awareness-level first responders should be familiar with transportation placards, labels, and markings as well as other clues such as container shapes and written resources. Awareness Level

Awareness Level

Homework 1. Which of the following is a purpose of a pre-incident survey? A. Legal protection B. Reduce number of personnel needed C. Identify cost of clean-up D. Identify possible access/egress difficulties 2. Which of the following should the LERP identify? A. Likely routes for bicycle and pedestrian traffic B. Likely routes for commuter travel C. Likely routes for extremely hazardous substance transport D. Likely routes for livestock transport 3. Which of the following refers to packaging, other than that on a vessel or barge, in which materials are loaded with no intermediate form of containment? Primary packaging B. Secondary packaging C. Bulk packaging D. Nonbulk packaging 4. What materials are included in UN/DOT hazard Class 1? A. Explosives B. Gases C. Flammable liquids D. Corrosive substances Awareness Level

Homework 5. What materials are included in UN/DOT hazard Class 2? A. Explosives B. Gases C. Flammable liquids D. Corrosive substances 6. What is the four-digit number assigned to each hazardous material listed in the current ERG? A. OSHA hazard identification number B. EPA substance material number C. UN commodity identification number D. Federal government hazard control number 7. What type of hazard does the DOT placard color blue represent? A. Oxidizer B. Flammable C. Health hazard D. Water reactive 8. What type of hazard does the DOT placard color white represent? A. Oxidizer B. Flammable C. Health hazard D. Water reactive Awareness Level

Homework 9. Which of the following substances is an example of a UN/DOT Class 1 material? A. Dynamite B. Propane C. Gasoline D. Phosphorus 10. Which of the following hazards is a primary hazard associated with UN/DOT hazard Class 1? A. Asphyxiation B. Mechanical C. Radiological D. Chemical 11. Which DOT Chart 12 marking is used on elevated temperature materials? A. Inner packaging B. ORM-D C. Hot marking D. Fumigant marking 12. Which NFPA 704 color refers to health hazards? A. Blue B. Red C. Yellow D. White Awareness Level

Homework 13. Which NFPA 704 color refers to instability? A. Blue B. Red C. Yellow D. White 14. Which word refers to minor health effects on manufacturer’s labels that comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard? A. Caution B. Warning C. Danger D. Poison 15. Which color represents high-hazard materials in the U.S. pipeline color codes? A. Green B. Yellow C. Blue D. Red 16. Which color marks safety equipment in the ANSI Z535.1 color codes? Awareness Level

Homework 17. Which color means Warning in the ANSI Z535.1 color codes? A. Green B. Yellow C. Blue D. Orange 18. Which number represents the highest hazard in the NFPA 704 system? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 19. What is located in the 6 o’clock position on the NFPA 704 system? A. Instability hazards B. Health hazards C. Special hazards D. Flammability hazards 20. Which marking identifies an incapacitating nerve agent in U.S. military supplemental chemical hazards markings? A. G-inside circle B. L-inside circle C. BZ-inside circle D. H-inside circle Awareness Level

Awareness Level Lesson 2A Presentation Hazardous Materials for First Responders, 3rd Ed.