Tulsi Shrivastava’s Computerized CIVICS notebook

April 29, What does elaborate mean? *to go into further detail *explain *expand

April 16, Which of the following are duties of a district attorney? *To bring charges against suspected lawbreakers and prosecute cases in court.

Section 3 review p A town is a smaller political unit with a group of people. A town meeting is when the people of a town get together to discuss important issues. Town and townships are larger than villages it began when men in Mass. Got together to discuss how to divide the area. 3.A village government works on improving services or projects that will help the community. 4.Yes because it would get much closer to the people of the village and help them a lot.

BOTH Receive authority from state BOTH Receive authority from state VILLAGE Lies within boundary of township or county People elect board of trustees VILLAGE Lies within boundary of township or county People elect board of trustees TOWNSHIP Borders established by Congress Elect small body of officials TOWNSHIP Borders established by Congress Elect small body of officials # 5

April 19, A city charter closely resembles…. *The Constitution School-2-Home Connection 1.Municipality 2. weak-mayor system 3.County 4. A village usually lies within the boundaries of the larger local government, such as township or county. 5. It allows cities to write their own charters, to choose own type of government, and manage own affairs.

School-2-home connection continued… 6. They examine taxable property an determine how much money should be paid. 7. Town meeting are direct democracy and allow citizens to decide certain issues. Standardized test practice 1.D 6. C 2.C 7. B 3.B 8. A 4.A 9. C 5.B 10. B 11. A 12. B

April 20, Person who tends to dominate the government? *strong-mayor

A municipality is a city law. True/False -False 2.Are city laws called ordinances? -Yes 3.Are counties in Louisiana called boroughs?..if not what are they called? -No, they are called parishes. 4. A city charter closely resembles a city bus. True/False -False 5. A county is the largest territorial subdivision in a state

April 21, In which form of city government are legislative and executive powers held by the same person or group? *Commission form

Ch. 14 Anticipation Guide 1.D x 10. True x 2.A x 3.D x 4.C x 5.D * 6.False * 7.True * 8.True * 9.False *

April 22, List one thing I will learn about in Ch. 14. I will learn about environmental issues and what things harm it and help it.

Guided Reading )Public policy 2)They come from government, political parties, interest groups, the media, or private citizens. 3)It oversees community growth. 4)Infrastructure 5)They have to see what the community values most. They have to determine their specific goals. Then they rank the goals in order of importance 6)A master plan states the goal of the community and how those goals will achieved. It becomes public policy if the local government accepts it, but the government is responsible for carrying it out.

Poverty in Penn. 8.5 % of the population lacks medical insurance Pennsylvania has almost doubled the monthly bill for a state health insurance program for poor people who do not qualify for Medical care.

April 23, _________ plan states specific goals and describe how the government will carry them out. *Master  I would like to join more extra curricular activities. 4  I would like to get stronger and drink more milk. 3  Spending more time with my family. 1  Being more self-confident. 2  Helping the earth more by recycling and other projects. 5  I will try to get more advanced in school. 6

Section Review 1.A master plan lists its priorities and explains how the government will carry them out. 2.A public policy may deal with the decision to build or not build a road. Also, it may deal with issues such as health care and the environment. 3.To state specific goals and describe how the government will carry them out. 4.The government has to see which issues are important and which are not. 5. Public policy comes from Private citizens government the media Interest groups political parties

April 26, I am researching Dave Heineman, the governor of Nebraska.

April 27, I need__________on each slide. *pictures

April 28, How many points is the PowerPoint worth? *60 points

April 30, Length of Power-points presentations: *7 slides- 3 minutes

May 3, The correct spelling is: Works Cited.

May 4, Does the U.S. Constitution mention education? *No, general education has always been under the control of the individual states.

Guided Reading 1.Every student must take a series of reading, math, and science in grades Some schools today don’t have that much money. Many students dropout or don’t have a positive attitude that leads to violence. 3.People appose tuition vouchers because they feel the vouchers funnel education funds out of the public school system and into private schools. Some people say that violates the First Amendment. 4.Community policing is when police become a visible presence in neighborhoods, hanging around trying to get to know the residents. It also tries to get neighborhoods involved in a watch program. 5.There is a five-year lifetime limit on receiving welfare, and states are required to develop job-training programs for the poor to help them leave the welfare rolls. 6.It success raised mostly from the booming economy of the lat 1900’s The labor shortage of the period made it relatively easy for unemployed welfare recipients to find work.

May 5, Schools that receive state funding, but are excused from meeting many public school regulations? * Charter schools

Section 2 Review 1.Charter schools are exempt from doing things that regular schools do. They have equal rights to welfare, even though they are poor. 2.Privatization is an extreme alternative which has private companies contract with local districts to run the schools. 3.They believe it violates the first amendment because they can be used to pay tuition at religious schools. 4.No I don’t think that because to me is important for federal government to focus on education which plays a key role a anyone’s life. Charter Schools For Against

May 6, 2010

May 10, Which of the following groups is practicing environmentalism? *Volunteers who pull trash out of rivers in the spring.

Guided Reading )Environmentalism is protecting our environment. 2)Most states the work with the EPA to monitor air and water quality and by inspecting industrial facilities. 3)Incineration, recycling 4)They have limited the amounts and kinds of waste that factories may discharge. 5)They eliminate lead from gasoline. They car pool more. Promoted public transportation. More energy-efficient cars made. To equip cars with helpful 6)Land disposal

1.Policy- a guiding course of action 2.Public policy- the course of action the government takes in response to an issue or problem 3.Planning Commission-an advisory group to a community 4.Short-term plan- a government policy being carried out over the next few years 5.Long-term plan-a government plan for policy that can span 10 to 50 years 6.Infrastructure- a community’s system of roads, bridges, water, and sewers 7.Priority- the goals a community considers most important or most urgent 8.Resource-the money people and materials available to accomplish a community’s goals 9.Master plan-a plan that states a set of goals and explains how the government will carry them out to meet changing needs over timE Vocabulary Ch. 14

10. Charter school- a school that receives state funding but is excused from meeting many public school regulations 11. Tuition voucher- program providing subsidies for education payments, allowing families the option of sending students to private schools. 12. Community policing- local police force visibly keeping the peace and patrolling neighborhoods 13. Welfare- the health, prosperity, and happiness of the members of a community 14. Environmentalism- movement concerned with protecting the environment 15. Solid waste- the technical name for garbage 16. Landfill- place where garbage is dumped 17. NIMBY- “not in my backyard”, attitude people have regarding placement of new landfill sites. 18. Toxic- poisonous or deadly 19. Recycle- reusing old materials to make new ones 20. Conservation- the careful preservation and protection of natural resources

May 11, Congress established the Environmental Protection Agency in order to? * REDUCE POLLUTION

1. Critics of welfare programs believe that welfare promotes…. *Dependency May 12, 2010

1.When the local Parent Teacher Association asks how many volunteers will help clean up the playground, they are evaluating……. *resources. May 13, 2010

1.Broad policy that guides a community’s future needs? *Long-term plan May 14, 2010

May 17, The first known system of written law is… *The Code of Hammurabi

*Guided reading* 1.They keep peace and prevent violent acts, set rules for resolving disagreements, include the administration of justice, and set punishments. 2.Good laws should be fair-show equality for everyone, reasonable-not too harsh punishment, understandable-not too complicated, and laws must be enforceable by authority. 3.The Code of Hammurabi 4.As Roman Empire grew it brought roman law with them when they took over Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. 5.He updated it and named it the Napoleon code. 6.English law 7.Common law is laws based on court decisions rather than on a legal code.

May 18, What is the most important source of American Law? *English Law

*CH. 15 Test May 27 *Ch. 15 content vocab due Thurs. 1.Party that brings charges- plaintiff 2.Individual or group accused- defendant May 19, 2010

Guided Reading 1. Criminal law, civil law, public law 2.The courtroom serves as an arena in which lawyers for opposing sides try to present their strongest cases. 3. The plaintiff is the party that brings charges. A defendant is the person accused. 4. Four examples of felonies are murder, rape, arson, and robbery. 5. A lawsuit 6.When you slip on ice on your neighbor’s side walk and break a leg. 7.Ida Wells-Barnett 8.Cases involving constitutional law decide the limits of the government’s powers and the rights of the individual.

1. Larceny is the unlawful taking away of another person’s property with the intent to never return it. Robbery is taking of person’s possessions by using force or threats. Burglary is the unlawful entry into any dwelling or structure with the intention to commit a crime. May 20, 2010

1.Common law 1.Common law- a system of law based on precedent and customs 2.Precedent 2.Precedent- a ruling that is used as the basis for a judicial decision in a later, similar case 3.Statute 3.Statute- a law written by a legislative branch 4.Plaintiff 4.Plaintiff- a person or party filing a lawsuit 5.Defendant 5.Defendant- an individual or group being sued or charged with a crime 6.Felony 6.Felony- a serious crime such as rape, murder, or robbery 7.Misdemeanor 7.Misdemeanor- a relatively minor offence such as vandalism or stealing inexpensive items 8.Larceny 8.Larceny- the unlawful taking away of another person’s property with the intent never to return it 9.Robbery 9.Robbery- the taking of property from a person’s possession by using force or threats 10.Burglary 10.Burglary- unlawful entry into any dwelling or structure 11.Lawsuit 11.Lawsuit- a legal action in which a person or group sues to collect damages for some harm that is done 12.Tort 12.Tort- wrongful act for which an injured party has the right to sue 13.Libel 13.Libel- written untruths that are harmful to someone’s reputation 14.Constitutional law 14.Constitutional law- branch of law dealing with formation, construction, and interpretation of constitutions

15.Bill of attainder 15.Bill of attainder- a law that punishes a person accused of a crime without a trial or a fair hearing in court 16.Ex post facto law 16.Ex post facto law- a law that would allow a person to be punished for an action that was not against the law when it was committed 17.Due process of law 17.Due process of law- procedures established by law and guaranteed by the Constitution 18.Search warrant 18.Search warrant- a court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect’s home or business and take specific items as evidence 19.Double jeopard 19.Double jeopardy- putting someone on trial for a crime of which he or she was previously acquitted 20.Grand jury 20.Grand jury-a group of citizens that decides whether there is sufficient evidence to accuse someone of a crime 21.Plea bargain 21.Plea bargain-negotiation between the defense attorney and the prosecutor 22.Bail 22.Bail- a sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial 23.Stare decises 23.Stare decises- the practice of using earlier judicial rulings as a basis for deciding cases 24.Writ of habeas corpus 24.Writ of habeas corpus- a court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person