Presentation on Ethiopian Approach in Census Cartography To United Nations Regional Workshop on Census Cartography and Management in Lusaka, Zambia, 8-12 October 2007

I. Introduction ETHIOPIA

Location: -  Astronomically, Ethiopia is found between 3 degree to 15degree north and 33 degree to 48-degree east.       In relation to its vicinity, the land of Ethiopia is located south of Eritrea, west of Djibouti, west & northwest of Somalia, north of Kenya, & east of Sudan in the horn of Africa. Approximately, Addis Ababa is situated around 1866 miles or 3359 K.m northeast of Lusaka.      The area of the country is about 1,133,380 square k.m, which is the fifth largest country in Africa.   Climate:-   Traditionally, the climate of Ethiopia is divided into three climatic zones namely Kola, Weina Dega & Dega.   The Kola, which seems to semi-desert climate, is below 1500m above Sea level.    The Weina Dega is between 1500-2400m above Sea level & it is similar to tropical climate. The other zone (Dega) which is higher than 2400m above Sea level commonly known as temperate climate.

History:- There are historical evidences like the Akusumite Obelisks, the Lalibela Rock-Hewn churches, Fasil Tower, Harar Wall…etc that show Ethiopia shared from ancient civilization. Its state history dates back to 3000 years to the Sabian dynasty. And the country has its own alphabet & calendar; fortunately we are now celebrating the beginning of our third millennium, which AU recognized it as African millennium. Economy:- Ethiopian economy is dominated by agriculture, which employs about 83.5% of the population. As to CSA 2006 abstract, the pre capita income is about 150 USD Population:- According to July 2007 estimate of CSA, the population of Ethiopia reaches 77,127,000.Of this 42.6% are under 15 years, 54.5% are between 15-64 years and the rest 2.8% are above 64 years. This shows that Ethiopia is the third populous country in Africa next to Nigeria & Egypt. The general sex is about 100.4 that indicates insignificant variation between male & female. Considering ethnicity,about 80 nations & nationalities, which have spoken more than 80 languages . In relation to religion, the population constitute 51% Orthodox Christian, 33% Islam and the rest 16% are other religious sects.

The Existing Organizational Structure of CSA

After 3-5 years thoroughly study the present day organization structure has become practical last year in February. According to the new structure, one director general and three deputy director generals lead CSA. Currently the Agency has 1569 permanent employees.

Based on the organization structure mentioned above, Cartographic & Digitization and Geographic Information System (GIS) Teams are under the Operation, Methodology and Data processing deputy director general. Both in Cartographic & Digitization and GIS Teams there is manpower shortage.

Legal legislation of CSA According the recent & new proclamation, CSA has the following legal rights & responsibilities: The organization (CSA) is responsible for collection, compilation & dissemination of statistical activities related to all economic, social &demographic data. The proclamation empowers the CSA to be the country’s official statistical information center. The proclamation also forbids any person or organization in conducting surveys or censuses on the national level without the consult & permission of the agency.

Census Cartography Since the establishment of CSA Cartographic Team has been organized under methodology department & done a lot of cartographic activities. For censuses that were conducted in 1984 and 1994 the field cartographic work (the delineation process) was done by visualization method. And the office mapping process also were done manually. However, for the third round Population & housing Census, which took places in 2007 the Cartographic Team changed to Cartographic & Digitization Team when it proceeds to GPS technology and digitization activities.

The Objectives of Census Cartography ·  To determine the need of manpower that will be participated in the census; ·  To distribute equal workload among enumerators; ·  For insuring the completeness of coverage; ·  For organized & quality control; ·  To determine the amount of materials & logistic needs for the census; ·  To establish statistical frames for sample surveys; ·  To produce thematic maps for spatial analysis. There are different map work steps in our trend. These are:

1. Organizing the fieldwork: - In this step preparation of field work & inventory and identifying available maps are included. Some of these activities are: Planning the number of manpower & field equipment need     Estimation of EAs expected     Preparing the time schedule     Buying field equipments, logistics…etc Buying topographic maps with the scale of 1:50000 for base map Gathering master plan maps with the appropriate scale for urban centers Identifying Sequential number of topographic sheets according to adjoining by wereda 2. Recruiting and Organizing manpower: - This becomes the second step. In this step the main duties are recruiting & training of manpower that run the field work. These are:- Recruiting Geographic Assistance (GAs) and Supervisors and trained them Assigning coordinators and trained them. To each Team, recruiting and Assigning one driver & one housekeeper who also responsible to cook food.

3. Assigning the field work:- for the third round population & housing census cartographic work, one team was consisting of 6 GAs (which is sub-divided into three sub-teams) & one supervisor . One team is usually assigned to one wereda. In addition , 5-7 teams were organized under one coordinator.  4. The actual work in the field:- In this step the major included duties are:- The submission of assignment letter to the wereda administrative office Listing the lower administrative units (rural & urban kebeles) and collective quarters in the wereda office Delineating the rough boundary of the wereda on topographic base map with the help of wereda administrators Based on the rough delineated wereda map, choosing & establishing camp on suitable part of the wereda

Submitting letter of assignment to the kebele (lower administrative units) administrator With the help of a person who is assigned from the kebele, taking GPS reading on the actual boundary of the kebele Listing the number of households in the kebele According to the criteria given (150-200 HHs for rural kebele & 150-200 HUs for urban kebele) delineating the boundary of EA In order to write EA boundary description taking reference point at the time of boundary delineation Taking GPS readings for cultural & natural features such as schools, clinics, hospitals, churches, mosques, cemeteries, mountains, forests…etc. All in all the whole cartographic work is based on these activities. If there is problem in this step, it will be damage to the entire cartographic work. So care should be taken in each action.

5. After finishing the actual fieldwork, the next step is preparing various maps from the field information. i.e. Using GPS readings each sub-team establish the kebele & EAs’ boundary on the topographic base map Again using GPS readings the sub-teams also mark cultural & natural features on the topographic base map preparing EA map Writing EA map description Assigning codes for EAs, kebeles, & supervision areas Preparing wereda map on transparent paper Preparing supervision area maps At the end of these processes, the map & map information should be sent to the agency’s main office without dalliance.

EA MAP

EA MAP DESCRIPTION

SUPERVISION AREA MAP

WEREDA MAP

6. The last step in the census cartographic work is in the agency’s main office, which includes the following activities: Assigning codes for weredas, towns, zones & kilills and then preparing codebook Editing wereda maps Taking tick points to the wereda map for geo-processing purposes Scanning the wereda map Based on the tick points geo-processing the wereda map Table & screen digitizing the scanned wereda maps Preparing digitized maps for production (digitized wereda map) Giving services to CSA offices and outside users

The Results of Census Cartographic work The fieldwork in the sedentary areas had finished in this year March, but in the pastoralist areas we are preparing to use satellite image. In the pastoralist areas, the census will be conducted at the beginning of next December. In the third round population & housing census 615 weredas have been covered in 75 zones, in all killils by census cartographic work. In this cartographic work 82,799 enumeration area maps, 16562 supervision area maps & 615 wereda maps were prepared for the implementation of the census. And it had undertaken based on these maps. In relation to convert digitized format, among 615 weredas 546 weredas have been digitized by table & screen digitization.  

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