COMPONENTS REQUIRED STEP DOWN PRANSFORMER: Ac applied to primary winding can be stepped down depending upon value of dc needed In our project 230v ac appear as 15v ac across secondary winding

Excitation Power Source Output will be 0 if the Excitation is maximum for 0 to 100 % impact + - + - Passive Transducer 0 to 100 % of physical impact

Signal Conditioner + 4 - 20 m A - To ADC 10Ω

RECTIFIER UNIT Op-amp rectifier are used to convert ac to dc(IC LM 1458) CHARACTERISTICS OF OP-AMP It must be tunable It should not load pt and ct It should not have any conduction losses

RELAYS Main function of relay is to detect the fault and intiate the operation of circuit breaker ELECTROMAGNETIC RELAYS These relays acts as a switches which provides contact between two mechanical element

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER CURRENT TRANSFORMER They are used so that ammeter and currents coils of instruments and relays need not be connected directly to high voltage line

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMER POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER High alternating voltage are reduced in a fixed proportion for the measurement purpose with help of potential transformer

FILTERING UNIT It consists of capacitor acting as surge arrester To by pass ripples and high frequency signals It allows only low frequency signals

VOLTAGE REGULATOR It helps rectifier and filter circuit in providing a constant dc voltage to device

FIVE MODULES OF SCADA DATA ACQUIRING DATA PROCESSING DATA CONVERSION DATA MANIPULATION DATA TRANSMISSION

DATA ACQUIRING It acquires variable status like temperature pressure,flow etc components of data acquistion are from simple thermocouple to complex gas analyser Active transducer Passive transducer

ACTIVE TRANSDUCER They are self generative as per physical variations offered to it ADVANTAGE Reliable low cost better inter changablity wide operating temperature

PASSIVE TRANSDUCER These types of transducer have output will be full or partial of excitation ADVANTAGE available in all size DISADVANTAGE output will be reliable only if excitation source is reliable

DATA ACQUIRING Flame detection Intruder detection Bomb detection Cable fault detection Staff attendance maintenance

FLAME DETECTION It can be used to detect fire in relays, generator ,contacts with help of LDR INTRUDER DETECTION

BOMB DETECTION SENSOR Inductive proximity sensor It can be used to detect even rdx bomb

DATA PROCESSING It is much essential in field instrumentation for safe and secured operations of process industries

DATA CONVERSION It is the process of converting analog into computing data example of data converters are ADC and DAC

DATA MANUPILATION It is the simple calculation between real value and ADC value it comprises of Recording of values Graphical output Indication Controlling all application

DATA TRANSMISSION It forms bridge between master control room and sub system area Radio frequency can be utilized for data communication