Dinuclear system model in nuclear structure and reactions.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
HIGS2 Workshop June 3-4, 2013 Nuclear Structure Studies at HI  S Henry R. Weller The HI  S Nuclear Physics Program.
Advertisements

Coulomb excitation with radioactive ion beams
Fission Readings: Modern Nuclear Chemistry, Chapter 11; Nuclear and Radiochemistry, Chapter 3 General Overview of Fission Energetics The Probability of.
The peculiarities of the production and decay of superheavy nuclei M.G.Itkis Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, JINR, Dubna, Russia.
Emission of Scission Neutrons: Testing the Sudden Approximation N. Carjan Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux-Gradignan,CNRS/IN2P3 – Université Bordeaux.
Microscopic time-dependent analysis of neutrons transfers at low-energy nuclear reactions with spherical and deformed nuclei V.V. Samarin.
The Collective Model Aard Keimpema.
W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Spontaneous Fission 1. W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Spontaneous Fission 2 Liquid-Drop Oscillations Bohr&Mottelson II, Ch. 6 Surface & Coulomb.
The Dynamical Deformation in Heavy Ion Collisions Junqing Li Institute of Modern Physics, CAS School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University.
Kazimierz What is the best way to synthesize the element Z=120 ? K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, J. Wilczyński, T. Cap.
沈彩万 湖州师范学院 8 月 11 日 ▪ 兰州大学 准裂变与融合过程的两步模型描述 合作者: Y. Abe, D. Boilley, 沈军杰.
NPSC-2003Gabriela Popa Microscopic interpretation of the excited K  = 0 +, 2 + bands of deformed nuclei Gabriela Popa Rochester Institute of Technology.
NECK FRAGMENTATION IN FISSION AND QUASIFISSION OF HEAVY AND SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI V.A. Rubchenya Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
W. Udo Schröder, 2005 Rotational Spectroscopy 1. W. Udo Schröder, 2005 Rotational Spectroscopy 2 Rigid-Body Rotations Axially symmetric nucleus 
Higher Order Multipole Transition Effects in the Coulomb Dissociation Reactions of Halo Nuclei Dr. Rajesh Kharab Department of Physics, Kurukshetra University,
1 Role of the nuclear shell structure and orientation angles of deformed reactants in complete fusion Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Flerov Laboratory.
EURISOL User Group, Florence, Jan Spin-Dependent Pre-Equilibrium Exciton Model Calculations for Heavy Ions E. Běták Institute of Physics SAS,
NUCLEAR STRUCTURE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS
The Shell Model of the Nucleus 5. Nuclear moments
Role of mass asymmetry in fusion of super-heavy nuclei
The study of fission dynamics in fusion-fission reactions within a stochastic approach Theoretical model for description of fission process Results of.
Aim  to compare our model predictions with the measured (Dubna and GSI) evaporation cross sections for the 48 Ca Pb reactions. Calculations.
Nuclear Level Densities Edwards Accelerator Laboratory Steven M. Grimes Ohio University Athens, Ohio.
Beatriz Jurado, Karl-Heinz Schmidt CENBG, Bordeaux, France Supported by EFNUDAT, ERINDA and NEA The GEneral Fission code (GEF) Motivation: Accurate and.
5. Exotic modes of nuclear rotation Tilted Axis Cranking -TAC.
4. The rotating mean field. The mean field concept A nucleon moves in the mean field generated by all nucleons. The mean field is a functional of the.
Lecture 20: More on the deuteron 18/11/ Analysis so far: (N.B., see Krane, Chapter 4) Quantum numbers: (J , T) = (1 +, 0) favor a 3 S 1 configuration.
Collective Model. Nuclei Z N Character j Q obs. Q sp. Qobs/Qsp 17 O 8 9 doubly magic+1n 5/ K doubly magic -1p 3/
W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Spontaneous Fission 1. W. Udo Schröder, 2007 Spontaneous Fission Liquid-Drop Oscillations Bohr&Mottelson II, Ch. 6 Surface & Coulomb.
The Algebraic Approach 1.Introduction 2.The building blocks 3.Dynamical symmetries 4.Single nucleon description 5.Critical point symmetries 6.Symmetry.
Nuclear deformation in deep inelastic collisions of U + U.
II. Fusion and quasifission with the dinuclear system model Second lecture.
Isotope dependence of the superheavy nucleus formation cross section LIU Zu-hua( 刘祖华) (China Institute of Atomic Energy)
Wolfram KORTEN 1 Euroschool Leuven – September 2009 Coulomb excitation with radioactive ion beams Motivation and introduction Theoretical aspects of Coulomb.
POPULATION OF GROUND-STATE ROTATIONAL BANDS OF SUPERHEAVY NUCLEI PRODUCED IN COMPLETE FUSION REACTIONS A.S. Zubov, V.V. Sargsyan, G.G. Adamian, N.V.Antonenko.
A new statistical scission-point model fed with microscopic ingredients Sophie Heinrich CEA/DAM-Dif/DPTA/Service de Physique Nucléaire CEA/DAM-Dif/DPTA/Service.
Neutron enrichment of the neck-originated intermediate mass fragments in predictions of the QMD model I. Skwira-Chalot, T. Cap, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, J.
10-1 Fission General Overview of Fission The Probability of Fission §The Liquid Drop Model §Shell Corrections §Spontaneous Fission §Spontaneously Fissioning.
How do nuclei rotate? The nucleus rotates as a whole.
Fission Collective Dynamics in a Microscopic Framework Kazimierz Sept 2005 H. Goutte, J.F. Berger, D. Gogny CEA Bruyères-le-Châtel Fission dynamics with.
Quasifission reactions in heavy ion collisions at low energies A.K. Nasirov 1, 2 1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia 2 Institute.
1 Systematic calculations of alpha decay half-lives of well- deformed nuclei Zhongzhou REN ( 任中洲 ) Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing,
Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, 1 st Semester, (Saed Dababneh). 1 Shell model Notes: 1. The shell model is most useful when applied to closed-shell.
Nuclear and Radiation Physics, BAU, First Semester, (Saed Dababneh). 1 Extreme independent particle model!!! Does the core really remain inert?
Some (more) High(ish)-Spin Nuclear Structure Paddy Regan Department of Physics Univesity of Surrey Guildford, UK Lecture 2 Low-energy.
Study on Sub-barrier Fusion Reactions and Synthesis of Superheavy Elements Based on Transport Theory Zhao-Qing Feng Institute of Modern Physics, CAS.
1 Synthesis of superheavy elements with Z = in hot fusion reactions Wang Nan College of Physics, SZU Collaborators: S G Zhou, J Q Li, E G Zhao,
Observation of new neutron-deficient multinucleon transfer reactions
Nuclear Reaction Mechanisms in Heavy Ion Collisions 1 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia Nasirov A.K. 1 Lecture III 1 Permanent position.
Monday, Oct. 2, 2006PHYS 3446, Fall 2006 Jae Yu 1 PHYS 3446 – Lecture #8 Monday, Oct. 2, 2006 Dr. Jae Yu 1.Nuclear Models Shell Model Collective Model.
Time dependent GCM+GOA method applied to the fission process ESNT janvier / 316 H. Goutte, J.-F. Berger, D. Gogny CEA/DAM Ile de France.
Dynamical Model of Surrogate Reaction Y. Aritomo, S. Chiba, and K. Nishio Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Japan 1. Introduction Surrogate reactions.
Production mechanism of neutron-rich nuclei in 238 U+ 238 U at near-barrier energy Kai Zhao (China Institute of Atomic Energy) Collaborators: Zhuxia Li,
Lecture 4 1.The role of orientation angles of the colliding nuclei relative to the beam energy in fusion-fission and quasifission reactions. 2.The effect.
Lecture 3 1.The potential energy surface of dinuclear system and formation of mass distribution of reaction products. 2.Partial cross sections. 3. Angular.
Few-Body Models of Light Nuclei The 8th APCTP-BLTP JINR Joint Workshop June 29 – July 4, 2014, Jeju, Korea S. N. Ershov.
HIRG 重离子反应组 Heavy Ion Reaction Group GDR as a Probe of Alpha Cluster in Light Nuclei Wan-Bing He ( 何万兵 ) SINAP-CUSTIPEN Collaborators : Yu-Gang.
超重原子核的结构 孙 扬 上海交通大学 合作者:清华大学 龙桂鲁, F. Al-Khudair 中国原子能研究院 陈永寿,高早春 济南,山东大学, 2008 年 9 月 20 日.
Determining Reduced Transition Probabilities for 152 ≤ A ≤ 248 Nuclei using Interacting Boson Approximation (IBA-1) Model By Dr. Sardool Singh Ghumman.
The role of isospin symmetry in medium-mass N ~ Z nuclei
oblate prolate l=2 a20≠0, a2±1= a2±2= 0 Shape parameterization
20/30.
Structure and dynamics from the time-dependent Hartree-Fock model
PHL424: Nuclear rotation.
Microscopic studies of the fission process
Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
Resonance Reactions HW 34 In the 19F(p,) reaction:
Nuclear Chemistry CHEM 396 Chapter 4, Part B Dr. Ahmad Hamaed
Sensitivity of reaction dynamics by analysis of kinetic energy spectra of emitted light particles and formation of evaporation residue nuclei.
20/30.
Presentation transcript:

Dinuclear system model in nuclear structure and reactions

The two lectures are divided up into I. Dinuclear effects in nuclear spectra and fission II. Fusion and quasifission with the dinuclear system model

First lecture I. Dinuclear effects in nuclear spectra and fission

1. Introduction 2. The dinuclear system model 3. Alternating parity bands 4. Normal- and superdeformed bands 5. Hyperdeformation in heavy ion collisions 6. Rotational structure of 238 U 7. Binary and ternary fission 8. Summary Contents

Work of G. G. Adamian, N. V. Antonenko, R. V. Jolos, Yu. V. Palchikov, T. M. Shneidman Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Collaboration with N. Minkov Institute for Nuclear Research and Energy, Sofia

 A dinuclear system or nuclear molecule is a cluster configuration of two (or more) nuclei which touch each other and keep their individuality, e.g. 8 Be  + .  First evidence for nuclear molecules in scattering of 12 C on 12 C and 16 O on 16 O by Bromley, Kuehner and Almqvist (Phys. Rev. Lett. 4 (1960) 365); importance for element synthesis in astrophysics.  Dinuclear system concept was introduced by V. V. Volkov (Dubna). 1. Introduction

1.Relative motion of nuclei: formation of dinuclear system in heavy ion collisions, molecular resonances, decay of dinuclear system: fission, quasifission, emission of clusters 2.Transfer of nucleons between nuclei: change of mass and charge asymmetries between the clusters The dinuclear system has two main degrees of freedom:

Mass asymmetry coordinate A2A2 A1A1

Applications of dinuclear system model  Nuclear structure phenomena: normal-, super- and hyperdeformed bands, alternating parity bands  Fusion to superheavy nuclei, incomplete fusion  Quasifission, no compound nucleus is formed  Fission

Aim of lecture: Consideration of nuclear structure effects and fission due to the dynamics in the relative motion, mass and charge transfer and rotation of deformed clusters in a dinuclear configuration

2. The dinuclear system model Let us first consider some selected aspects of the dinuclear system model. The degrees of freedom of this model are  internuclear motion ( R )  mass asymmetry motion (  )  deformations (vibrations) of clusters  rotation (rotation-oscillations) of clusters  single-particle motion

2.1 Deformation Dinuclear configuration describes quadrupole- and octupole-like deformations and extreme deformations as super- and hyperdeformations. Multipole moments of dinuclear system:

Comparison with deformation of axially deformed nucleus described by shape parameters:

152 Dy

Dinuclear system model is used in various ranges of  :  = : large quadrupole deformation, hyperdeformed states  = : quadrupole and octupole deformations are similar, superdeformed states  ~1: linear increase of deformations, parity splitting

2.2 Potential and moments of inertia Clusterisation is most stable in minima of potential U as a function of . Minima by shell effects, e.g. magic clusters. Potential energy of dinuclear system: B 1, B 2, B 0 are negative binding energies of the clusters and the united (|  |=1) nucleus. V(R, ,I) is the nucleus-nucleus potential. Example: 152 Dy

 152 Dy 50 Ti+ 102 Ru 26 Mg+ 126 Xe

: moments of inertia of DNS clusters For small angular momenta: For large angular momenta and large deformations: Exp.: Moments of inertia of superdeformed states are about 85% of rigid body limit. Moment of inertia of DNS: Example: 152 Dy

 = 0.34: 50 Ti+ 102 Ru, Hyperdeformed properties: U=20 MeV above g.s., about estimated energy of L=0 HD-state of 152 Dy, (calc)=131 MeV -1, (est)=130 MeV -1,  2 (calc)=1.3,  2 (est)0.9. (calc)=104 MeV -1, (exp)=85±3 MeV -1, Q 2 (calc)=24 eb ( 2 =0.9), Q 2 (exp)= 18±3 eb Similar:  = 0.71: 22 Ne+ 130 Ba 26 Mg+ 126 Xe and 22 Ne+ 130 Ba have SD properties.  = 0.66: 26 Mg+ 126 Xe, Superdeformed properties:

For nuclear structure studies we assume  as a continuous coordinate and solve a Schrödinger equation in mass asymmetry. Wave function    contains different cluster configurations. At higher excitation energies: statistical treatment of mass transfer. Diffusion in  is calculated with Fokker-Planck or master equations. 2.4 Mass asymmetry motion

3. Alternating parity bands Ra, Th and U have positive and negative parity states which do not form an undisturbed rotational band. Negative parity states are shifted up. This is named parity splitting

Parity splitting is explained by reflection- asymmetric shapes and is describable with octupole deformations. Here we show that it can be described by an asymmetric mass clusterization. Configuration with alpha-clustering can have the largest binding energy. A Z (A-4) (Z-2) +  - particle 

Ba

splitting _+_+ oscillations in  Lower state has positive parity, higher state negative parity. Energy difference depending on nuclear spin is parity splitting.

potential wavefunctions Positive parity Negative parity x

238 U 236 U 234 U 232 U

223 Ra 3/ (I,K - ) (I,K + ) 3/2

225 Ra

Here: application of dinuclear model to structure of 60 Zn, 194 Hg and 194 Pb a) Cluster structure of 60 Zn Zn 56 Ni+tresh. 2.7 MeV above g.s. Assumption: g.s. band contains -component Zn 52 Fe+ 8 Be, tresh MeV above g.s. / 48 Cr+ 12 C, tresh MeV above g.s. Extrapolated head of superdef. band: 7.5 MeV Assumption: superdeformed band contains 8 Be- component. 4. Normal- and superdeformed iiiiibands

Unified description of g.s. and sd bands by dynamics in mass asymmetry coordinate. b) Potential U(I) for 60 Zn mono-nucleus (U(I=0) = 0 MeV 56 Ni+4.5 MeV 52 Fe+ 8 Be 5.1 MeV 48 Cr+ 12 C 9.0 MeV Stepwise potential because of large scale in  Barrier width is fixed by 3 - state (3.504 MeV).

60 Zn I=0 x=-1 for  x1 for  

60 Zn 8 Be  I=0

I=8

c) Spectra and E2(I=2)-transitions Experimentally observed lowest level of sd band: 8 + I(12 + sd 10 + gs )/I(12 + sd 10 + sd ) = 0.42 calc. aa = 0.54 exp. I(10 + sd 8 + gs )/I(10 + sd 8 + sd ) = 0.63 calc. aa = 0.60 exp.

60 Zn

5. Hyperdeformed states in heavy ion collisions Dinuclear states can be excited in heavy ion collisions. The question arises whether these states are hyperdeformed states. Shell model calculations of Cwiok et al. show that hyperdeformed states correspond to touching nuclei. Possibility to form hyperdeformed states in heavy ion collisions.

Hyperdeformed states can be quasibound states of the dinuclear system. quasibound states V(R) RRmRm

Investigation of the systems: One to three quasibound states with Energy values at L=0, quadrupole moments and moments of inertia of quasibound configurations are close to those estimated for hyperdeformed states.

80 L=0

Optimum conditions: Decay of the dinuclear system by - transitions to lower L-values in coincidence with quasifission of dinuclear system (lifetime against quasifission s). Estimated cross section for formation of HD- system is about b. Heavy ion experiments with coincidences of -rays and quasifission could verify the cluster interpretation of HD-states.

6. Rotational structure of 238 U Description of nuclear structure with dinuclear model for large mass asymmetries Heavy cluster with quadrupole deformation + light spherical cluster, e.g.  - particle z 1 ‘‘ R z‘ A2A2 A1A1

Coordinates: a) Polar angles from the space-fixed z-axis : defining the body-fixed symmetry x axis of heavy cluster x : defining the direction of R  is the angle between R and the body- fixed symmetry axis of heavy cluster. b) Mass asymmetry coordinate with positive x values only:

z z‘ z 1 ‘‘           mol. axis sym. axis of heavy cluster space- fixed axis

Hamiltonian: Moments of inertia: Potential:

If C 0 is small: approximately two x independent rotators If C 0 is large: restriction to small , x bending oscillations Wave function: Heavy cluster is rotationally symmetric: J 1 =0,2,4... Parity of states: (-1) J 2 Example: 238 U

238 U First excited state of mass asymmetry motion

Bending oscillations of heavy nucleus around the molecular(R) axis with small angle  Moment of inertia of bending motion

Approximate eigenenergies Oscillator energy of bending mode

238 U (= 234 Th+) K=1 n=1 bending mode K=2

7. Binary and ternary fission a) Binary fission The fissioning nucleus with A and Z is described at the scission point as a dinuclear system with two fission fragments in contact. mass and charge numbers: deform. parameters: (ratios of axes) Characteristics of DNS:

b a a/b R min R b R <3MeV U scission point at potential energy:

S=S n ~8 MeV is excitation energy in neutron induced fission S=0 in spontaneous fission deformation energy E def, difference to ground state Total kinetic energy (TKE): excitation energy:

Relative primary (before evaporation of neutrons) yields of fission fragments: with. Examples: Potential for neutron-induced fission of 235 U leading to 104 Mo Sn and 104 Zr Te Kinetic energy and mass distributions of spontaneous fission of 258 Fm and 258 No

104 Mo Sn 104 Zr Te bimodal fission

258 Fm 258 No

b) Ternary fission Ternary system consists of two prolate ellipsoidal fragments and a light charged particle (LCP) in between. LCP has one or several alpha-particles and neutrons from one or both binary fragments. Ternary system can not directly formed from the compound nucleus because of a potential barrier between binary and ternary fission valleys.

Calculation procedure: 1.Relative probabilities for the formation of different binary systems 2.Relative probabilities of ternary system, normalized to unity for each binary system Examples: ternary fission of 252 Cf, induced ternary fission of 56 Ni ( 32 S + 24 Mg).

252 Cf

56 Ni 12 C 8 Be

8. Summary  The concept of the dinuclear system describes nuclear structure phenomena connected with cluster structures, the fusion of heavy nuclei to superheavy nuclei, the quasifission and fission.  The dynamics of the dinuclear system has two main degrees of freedom: the relative motion of the nuclei and the mass asymmetry degree of freedom.

 Parity splitting is interpreted by oscillations with even and odd parities in a potential with minima at the  -cluster fragmentation.  Normal- and superdeformed bands can be explained by the dynamics in the mass (or charge) asymmetry coordinate.  Hyperdeformed states can be seen as quasibound, molecular states in the internuclear potential.

 Mass asymmetry motion and bending oscillations of the heavy cluster in very mass asymmetric dinuclear systems are used to interpret the structure of 238 U.  Relative probabilities for binary and ternary fission can be statistically calculated with the potential depending on mass asymmetry and deformation.  Further studies on mass asymmetry motion and rotation in the dinuclear system model are necessary. D.G.