HPT Rev. 1 Page 1 of 22 TP-1 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Radiological Control Current Concerns and Industry Events

HPT Rev. 1 Page 2 of 22 TP-2 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Enabling Objectives Apply Error Prevention tools. Identify Two Types of NRC Notifications Identify Two Organizations Promoting Excellence in the Nuclear Power Industry Identify Three Types of Event Reports Evaluate Events on Summary Worksheet Identify Major RADCON Concern Name Four Other Areas of Concern

HPT Rev. 1 Page 3 of 22 TP-3 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program SAFER Summarize Critical Steps Anticipate Errors at Critical Steps Foresee Consequences of Errors Evaluate Defenses, Barriers & Contingencies Review Experience

HPT Rev. 1 Page 4 of 22 TP-4 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program TVAN Human Performance Initiative  Protect People and the Plant From Human Error through: Aggressive Control of Defense-in-Depth Rigorous Use of Error-Prevention Techniques

HPT Rev. 1 Page 5 of 22 TP-5 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Error Prevention Tools - 1  Two-Minute Rule  Procedure Use & Adherence Independent Verification Second Party Verification  Effective Communication Three-Way communication Phonetic Alphabet

HPT Rev. 1 Page 6 of 22 TP-6 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Error Prevention Tools - 2  Self-Checking STAR – Stop, Think, Act, Review Flagging  Peer-Checking  Questioning Attitude QV&V – Qualify, Validate, & Verify Stop When Unsure

HPT Rev. 1 Page 7 of 22 TP-7 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program NRC Concerns Notices Licensee Event Reports (LERs) 10 CFR Information Notices (INs)

HPT Rev. 1 Page 8 of 22 TP-8 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Nuclear Industry Improvement Organizations Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) Promote Safety, Reliability and Excellence World Association of Nuclear Operators (WANO) Maximize Safety & Reliability by Exchanging Information and Encouraging Communications

HPT Rev. 1 Page 9 of 22 TP-9 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Event Reports INPO/WANO Operating Experience Report (OE) INPO/WANO Significant Event Notification (SEN) INPO/WANO Significant Event Report (SER) INPO/WANO Significant Operating Experience Report (SOER) INPO/WANO Operations and Maintenance Report (O&MR)

HPT Rev. 1 Page 10 of 22 TP-10 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Unplanned Exposures Weaknesses in Defenses SOER Complying with Administrative Controls 2.Human Performance 3.Insufficient Training 4.Incorporation of Operating Experience 5.Inadequate Management Participation

HPT Rev. 1 Page 11 of 22 TP-11 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Radiological Concerns Unplanned Radiation Exposures (Major Concern) Contamination/DRPs Intakes/Internal Exposures High Radiation Areas Radiography

HPT Rev. 1 Page 12 of 22 TP-12 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Common Causes of Radiography Events Postings not Understood Assumptions rather than Verification Inadequate Surveys Inadequate Evaluation of Adjacent Dose Rates Radiological Personnel Unfamiliar with Radiography Posting Requirements

HPT Rev. 1 Page 13 of 22 TP-13 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Adverse Trends in Radiological Protection Events Common Causes: 1.Insufficient Radiological Controls 2.Insufficient Line Management Oversight 3.Knowledge of New Equipment Limits 4.Inadequate Dose Monitoring 5.Over Reliance on Knowledge & Skills of Contract & RadCon Workers 6.Lack of Questioning Attitude

HPT Rev. 1 Page 14 of 22 TP-14 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Barrier Analysis Barriers Associated with Events/Barriers Failed

HPT Rev. 1 Page 15 of 22 TP-15 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Barrier Analysis Report Highest Five Categories Unplanned Dose (28%) Uptakes (Internal Exposures) (19%) Personnel Contamination (15%) High Radiation Areas (9.5%) Radiography & ALARA Planning (8% each)

HPT Rev. 1 Page 16 of 22 TP-16 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Barrier Analysis Report Important Recommendations More Use of Staytimes Workers Self-Monitor Dose Improve ALARA Planning Survey After Removing Shielding Monitor Dose Rates Approaching Limits Compare As-Found Radiological Conditions with Forecast

HPT Rev. 1 Page 17 of 22 TP-17 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Barrier Analysis Report Important Recommendations Clarify Radiology Responsibilities ALARA Planning Identify Airborne Risks Use CAMs During Refuel Floor Work Strengthen Controls for DRPs Evaluate Equipment Release Practices Thorough Evaluation of Whole Body Monitor Alarms

HPT Rev. 1 Page 18 of 22 TP-18 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Performance Indicators Provide Quantitative Indication of Plant Performance Trend Performance & Progress Set Challenging Goals for Improvement Compare Performance with Others Adjust Priorities & Resources

HPT Rev. 1 Page 19 of 22 TP-19 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program NRC Performance Indicators Zero Unplanned Exposures Zero Overexposures Zero High Radiation Area Violations

HPT Rev. 1 Page 20 of 22 TP-20 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program INPO Performance Indicators BWRs – Industry Average Cumulative Radiation Exposure (CRE): 120 man-rem/unit/year PWRs – Industry Average Cumulative Radiation Exposure (CRE): 65 man-rem/unit/year

HPT Rev. 1 Page 21 of 22 TP-21 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Summary - 1 Review of Industry Events Important Tool in Preventing Recurrence Event Notices Issued by NRC: LER & IN Event Notices Issued by INPO/WANO: OE, SEN, SER, & SOER Recurrence of Events may lead to Increased Severity of Penalties

HPT Rev. 1 Page 22 of 22 TP-22 TVAN Technical Training Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program Summary - 2 Use of TVA Human Performance Tools Major Concern: Unplanned Exposures Other Concerns: Intakes or Internal Exposures Personnel Contamination High Radiation Areas Radiography Performance Indicators