Chapter 4 The Cell in Action

The movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low Click for Term

Diffusion The movement of particles from an area where their concentration is high to an area where their concentration is low Click for Term

The diffusion of water across a cell membrane Click for Term

Osmosis The diffusion of water across a cell membrane Click for Term

The diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membranes from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low Click for Term

Passive transport The diffusion of particles through proteins in the cell membranes from areas where the concentration of particles is high to areas where the concentration of particles is low Click for Term

The movement of particles through proteins in the cell membranes against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy Click for Term

Active transport The movement of particles through proteins in the cell membranes against the direction of diffusion; requires cells to use energy Click for Term

The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell Click for Term

Endocytosis The process in which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it in a vesicle to bring it into the cell Click for Term

The process used to remove large particles from a cell; during which a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell membrane Click for Term

Exocytosis The process used to remove large particles from a cell; during which a vesicle containing the particles fuses with the cell membrane Click for Term

The process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar Click for Term

Photosynthesis The process by which plants capture light energy from the sun and convert it into sugar Click for Term

The process by of producing ATP from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide as a waste product Click for Term

Cellular respiration The process by of producing ATP from oxygen and glucose; releases carbon dioxide as a waste product Click for Term

The breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen Click for Term

Fermentation The breakdown of sugars to make ATP in the absence of oxygen Click for Term

The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis and cytokinesis Click for Term

Cell Cycle The life cycle of a cell; in eukaryotes it consists of chromosome duplication, mitosis and cytokinesis Click for Term

Coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division Click for Term

Chromosome Coiled structure of DNA and protein that forms in the cell nucleus during cell division Click for Term

The simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria Click for Term

Binary Fission The simple cell division in which one cell splits into two; used by bacteria Click for Term

Chromosomes with matching information Click for Term

Homologous Chromosomes Chromosomes with matching information Click for Term

Identical copies of a chromosome Click for Term

Chromatids Identical copies of a chromosome Click for Term

The region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated Click for Term

Centromere The region that holds chromatids together when a chromosome is duplicated Click for Term

Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes Click for Term

Mitosis Nuclear division in eukaryotic cells in which each cell receives a copy of the original chromosomes Click for Term

The process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis Click for Term

Cytokinesis The process in which cytoplasm divides after mitosis Click for Term