THE HUMAN BODY

health exercise walk Ride a bike swim run Get enough sleep Eat a balanced diet Proteins Minerals Fats Vitamins carbohydrates Keep clean brush teeth to remove plaque Wash hands before eating

INGESTION DIGESTION In te stomach the food mixes with gastric juices and turns into a thick liquid. The thick liquid travels to the small intestine where the food is broken down even more. ABSORPTION The liver and the pancreas send juices to the smal intestine so that our body can now absorb the nutrients in the food. ELIMINATION The remains of the food that our body can’t use go tothe large intestines. Here our body has its last chance to take water from the food. The remains finally leave our body through the anus The digestive process starts in the mouth. We chew our food and mix the food with the saliva. Our food passes to the oesophagus and then to our stomach. THE DIGESTION PROCESS

mouth oesophagus liver stomach pancreas Large intestine Small intestine anus THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The excretory system kidneys Renal artery Renal vein ureters bladder urethra

The excretory system The kidneys clean the waste from our blood. This waste combines with water to make urine. Urine goes down the ureters, and collects in the bladder. When the bladder starts to get full, the body tell us that it’s time to go to the toilet. Urine then leaves the body through the urethra.

The respiratory system When we inhale, air enters our body through our nose and mouth. Tiny hairs inside the nose trap dust particles and clean the air. The air then passes through the pharynx and larynx as it goes down to the trachea. The trachea divides into two parts called bronchi. The air travels down the bronchi into the lungs. The bronchi divide into small tubes called bronchioles. At the end are alveoli which are covered in blood vessels. Here, the oxygen in the air is absorbed into the blood. Waste carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the alveoli. This exchange the gases is called respiration.

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM nose mouth pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lung bronchioles diaphragm alveoli

large with thick walls carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body. thinner walls carry blood back to the heart. tiny connect arteries and veins yellowish liquid made up of 90% water carries nutrients and waste products carry oxygen and carbon dioxide contain haemoglobin fight infection join together when the body is losing blood Pumps the blood around the body. THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

aorta Pulmonary artery Pulmonary vein Left atrium Left ventricle Right ventricle Right atrium

Complete the following sentences. Red blood cells carry __________________________________________________________________________ _______. The blood gets oxygen from the ___________________________________. Blood carries ___________________________ from the small intestine. ____________________ blood cells fight germs. Blood travels to all parts of the ___________________________. The liquid part of blood is called __________________________. ________________ blood cells give blood its colour. ________________ form blood clots.

REVISION Nutrition is a very complex process in humans. Four body systems have to work together to perform the process. The digestive system breaks down the food into nutrients. The circulatory system takes the nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body. The respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air. Oxygen is necessary for the transformation of the nutrients into energy. The excretory system eliminates harmful waste produced in the process