The 21 st Century Internet Invited Talk to the Information Sciences Institute, University of Southern California November 19, 2001 Larry Smarr, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD, Director, Cal-(IT) 2

Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime –Broadband Speeds –Always Best Connected Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points –Information Appliances –Sensors and Actuators –Embedded Processors Emergence of a Distributed Planetary Computer –Parallel Lambda Optical Backbone –Storage of Data Everywhere –Scalable Distributed Computing Power Brilliance is Distributed Throughout the Grid The Emerging Brilliant Cloud A Mobile Internet Powered by a Planetary Computer

California Has Undertaken a Grand Experiment in Partnering UCSB UCLA California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCB California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research UCI UCSD California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCSC UCD UCM

Cal-(IT) 2 An Integrated Approach to the New Internet UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community The States $100 M Creates Unique Buildings, Equipment, and Laboratories

Two Buildings at UCSD and UCI Will Create Novel Labs and Facilities New Media Arts Facilities at UCSD

Over Fifty Industrial Sponsors From a Broad Range of Industries Akamai Technologies Inc. AMCC Ampersand Ventures Arch Ventures The Boeing Company Broadcom Corporation CAIMIS, Inc. Conexant Systems, Inc. Connexion by Boeing Cox Communications Diamondhead Ventures Dupont Emulex Corporation Network Systems Enosys Markets Enterprise Partners Venture Capital Entropia, Inc. Ericsson Wireless Communications, Inc. ESRI Extreme Networks Global Photon Systems IBM IdeaEdge Ventures The Irvine Company Intersil Corporation Computers Communications Software Sensors Biomedical Startups Venture Capital Mission Ventures NCR Newport Corporation Oracle Orincon Industries Panoram Technologies Printronix QUALCOMM Incorporated Quantum The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute SAIC Samueli, Henry (Broadcom) SciFrame, Inc. Seagate Storage Products SGI Silicon Wave Sony STMicroelectronics, Inc. Sun Microsystems TeraBurst Networks Texas Instruments Time Domain UCSD Healthcare The Unwired Fund WebEx Irvine Sensors Corporation JMI, Inc. Leap Wireless International Link, William J. (Versant Ventures) Litton Industries, Inc. MedExpert International Merck Microsoft Corporation $140 M Match From Industry

Cal-(IT) 2 is Exploring Partnering Opportunities with USC ISI/Computer Science –Grid Software –Security –Wireless SensorNets –Optical Networking –AI and HCI –Robotics / Machine Vision Applications –Seismic –Biomedical –New Media Arts

Why the Grid is the Future Scientific American, January 2001

Cal-(IT) 2 is Developing a Metro Optical Laboratory High Resolution Visualization Facilities –Data Analysis –Crisis Management Driven by Data-Intensive Applications –Civil Infrastructure –Environmental Systems –Medical Facilities Distributed Collaboration –Optically Linked –Integrate Access Grid Optimize for LambdaNet –PC Clusters –Grid Middleware SDSC SIO Cal-(IT) 2 SIO Control Room Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SBC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks UCSD Healthcare SD Telecom Council

Multi-Megapixel Displays Will Be Linked by LambdaGrid Cal-(IT) 2 / SIO / SDSC / SDSU

The NSF TeraGrid Partnerships for Advanced Computational Infrastructure NCSA 8 TF 4 TB Memory 240 TB disk Caltech 0.5 TF 0.4 TB Memory 86 TB disk Argonne 1 TF 0.25 TB Memory 25 TB disk TeraGrid Backbone (40 Gbps) SDSC 4.1 TF 2 TB Memory 250 TB disk This will Become the National Backbone to Support Multiple Large Scale Science and Engineering Projects Data Compute Visualization Applications

Linking CENIC, NSF, and Metro Optical Networks CENIC Optical Network Infrastructure (ONI) Initiative NSF TeraGrid Cal-(IT) 2 Metro Optical Testbed

Creating Metro, Regional, State, National, and Planetary Optical Networking Laboratories Seattle Portland Caltech SDSC NYC SURFnet, CERN CANARIE Asia- Pacific AMPATH TeraGrid *ANL, UIC, NU, UC, IIT, MREN AMPATH Source: Tom DeFanti, Maxine Brown

Near Real Time Visual TeraData Mining iGrid 2002 (September 2002 in Amsterdam) Visualize Terabyte Data Sets Remotely – Electronic Visualization Laboratory, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago – Laboratory for Advanced Computing, Univ. of Illinois at Chicago Requires 10Gbps Lambda Netherlands Has First Lambda to NSFs Star Light Amsterdam Science and Technology Centre Grid-Intensive Application Control of Lambda- Switched Networks

Cal-(IT) 2 Will Seek to Foster Links Between Art, Technology, & Science UCSD

Tuning the Grid to Support Networked Performance Art Lemma 2 by Miller Puckette, Vibeke Sorensen, Rand Steiger Performed by Steven Schick, Anthony Davis, Vanessa Tomlinson, Scott Walton, and Mark Danks

Interacting Virtual Spaces Sheldon Browns Mi Casa Es Tu Casa

A Distributed Cyberinfrastructure is Required to Support Science, Art, and Education Concept: Ruzena Bajscy, CISE NSF Slide: SDSC NSF Considering Major Funding Initiative in This Arena Software Layered on LambdaGrids

Forecast Growth of Global Internet Users ,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2, Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Subscribers (millions) Third Generation Cellular Systems Will Add Mobility, QoS, and High Speeds Source: Ericsson

Cal-(IT) 2 Is Working on Interoperability of Wireless Internet LAN and WAN Available Now 6 months 12 months Wireless WAN

Web Interface to Grid Computing The NPACI GridPort Architecture b Wireless Interactive Access to: State of Computer Job Status Application Codes

UCSDHas Been First Beta Test Site for Qualcomms 1xEV Cellular Internet Optimized for Packet Data Services –Uses a 1.25 MHz channel –2.4 Mbps Peak Forward Rate –Part of the CDMA2000 Tech Family –Can Be Used as Stand-Alone Chipsets in Development Support –PacketVideos PVPlayer MPEG-4 –gpsOne Global Positioning System –Bluetooth –MP3 –MIDI –BREW Rooftop HDR Access Point

New Software Environments for Wireless Application Development Binary Runtime Environment for Wireless (BREW) –Works on Qualcomm CDMA Chipsets –Middleware Between –the Application and the Chip System Source Code –Windows-based Software Development Kit (SDK) –Native C/C++ applications will run most efficiently –Supports Integration of Java Applications –Different Model of Security from JAVA

Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With Heterogeneous Access Network WLAN GPRS CDMA CDPD Internet (802.11b,a) (CDMA20001xEV) Identify Issues Related to Handoff Between WLAN and WWAN Networks and Implement a Test-bed Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari Chebrolou UCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT) 2

The FCC Unlicensed Band Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network A Cal-(IT) 2 Academic Partner Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone

Cal-(IT) 2 Plans Environmental SensorNets Air and Water Pollution Sensor Development –Lead is Michael Sailor, UCSD Chemistry –Initially Temperature, Humidity, CO –Later Add CO 2, Ozone, NO x –Partnering with Graviton Wireless Internet Prototyping Sites –UCSD Campus –Santa Margarita –Rapid Prototyping Site –Linked to UCSD via HPWREN

The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of Californias 25,000 Bridges New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links Cal-(IT) 2 Will Develop and Install Wireless Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management Control Rooms Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

Cal-(IT) 2 Wireless Services Middleware: Emerging Pieces Real-Time Services Mobile Code Location Awareness Power Control Security Cal-IT2 Wireless Services Interface UCI Wireless Infrastructures UCSD Wireless Infrastructures Cal-IT2 Applications J. Pasquale, UCSD Data Management

New Security Issues in Mobile and Wireless Networks Location-based Access Control –If Alice Is in Country P, She Can Do X –If Alice Is in Country Q, She Can Do Y –GPS? Need Tamper-Resistant Hardware… Group-Based or Group-Centric Security –How Can One Speak As a Group or a Fraction Thereof? –Admitting New or Expelling Existing Members –Issuing, Re-issuing Credentials Secure Commun. in Constantly Changing Groups –Group Needs Common Key: Key Distribution/Agreement –Authentication of Membership –e.g., Alice Is in This ad Hoc Net Cluster at This Time Source: Gene Tsudik, UCI

Mobile Code-Based Client-Server for the Active Web Client Is Extended by Injecting Code Into Internet Extension Runs at Intermediate Server –Higher Performance, Greater Reliability –Liberated From Client Device, Bypasses Wireless Link Current implementation: Java, JINI Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project

ActiveCampus: Community Through Place & Technology Potential Disintegration of Campus Learning Culture –Anticipated Growth of 10,000 Students Over Next 10 Years –Makes Campus Transparent –See Into Departments, Labs, and Libraries Year- Long Living Laboratory Experiment –500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Jornada PDAs –Incoming Freshmen in Computer Science and Engineering Software Developed –ActiveClass: Student-Teacher Interactions –ActiveCampus: Geolocation and Resource Discovery –Extensible Software Infrastructure for Others to Build On Deploy to New UCSD Undergrad College Fall 2002 –Theme: Art, Culture, and Technology Cal-(IT) 2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabrielle Wienhausen

ActiveCampus Explorer: PDA Roamer / FindMe Interface Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE

ActiveCampus Explorer: Research Topics Questions in Computing and Social Science –Security, Wireless Networking, Scalability, HCI –Impacts on Building Community and Learning Uses Location, Time, Personal Interests, & Web –Notifies You of Nearby Interesting Activities –Colleagues, Research, Library Holdings, Concerts… Need to Minimize Intrusiveness –Filtering by Personal Interests (AI / Data Mining) Digital Graffiti –Posting of Web Content in Space –Personal Expression: Identity, Artistic, Political –Community Formation and Dissolution Fortuitous Discovery –Ask a Question, Find an Expert –Patterns in Buddy Behavior –Places, Events, Books, Web Pages Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD CSE

Image Processing / Analysis Traffic Data Parking Lot and Traffic Information to User User Submits Destination Parking Lot Query Handheld Device Video Feed of Parking Lot to Server Wireless Camera Agents Will Intermediate Between Us and the Grid UCI Campus Parking and Traffic Agent Sharad Mehrotra, UCI Database Repository

Intelligent Transportation Autonet Vision Autonet Concept –Mobile, Ad Hoc, Wireless, Peer-to-Peer Platform –Distributed Sensing, Computation, and Control –Autonomous Distributed Traffic Control –Mobile Autonomous Software Agents –Multi-Level State Estimation/Prediction –Decentralized Databases Path to Implementation –UC Irvines Institution of Transportation Studies is Lead –Caltrans ATMS Testbed + Cal-(IT)2 = Wireless SensorNet Testbed –ZEVNET Living Laboratory –50 Toyota Zero Emission Electric Cars –Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications Source: Will Recker, UCI

Massive Datasets Available to Mobile Devices in a Biomedical Imaging Research Network Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure Wireless Pad Web Interface Surface Web NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD Cal-(IT) 2 SDSC Deep Web Duke UCLA Cal Tech Harvard UCSD Forming a National-Scale Grid Federating Multi-Scale Neuro-Imaging Data from Centers with High Field MRI and Advanced 3D Microscopes BIRN

Integrating Wireless, Sensor and Data-Management Technologies Source: Graviton, a Cal-(IT) 2 Partner

A Skin / Wireless Radio Human Gateway Skin Sensors: - Physical - Chemical - Biological Battery Transdermal Patch Smart Band-Aid ® Transdermal Patch Smart Band-Aid ® Patent PendingPatent PendingAntenna CPU/Comm Chip Non-Invasive Platform - Smart Band-Aid® Can Also Link to Invasive Sensors Source: PhiloMetron

Cal-(IT) 2 Plans for Adding Wireless Sensors to Systems-on-Chip Memory Protocol Processors DSP Applications Sensors Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE Embedded Software Radio Critical New Role of Power Aware Systems Internet Ad Hoc Hierarchical Network of Brilliant Sensors

Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with a Planetary Supercomputer Napster Meets –Globally Distributed Computing & Storage Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years –Average Speed Ten Gigaflop –Average Free Storage 100 GB Planetary Computer Capacity –100,000 TetaFLOP Speed –1 Million TeraByte Storage

Prototyping Early Warning Systems and Disaster Response Systems Three Tier System –Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories –Collaborative Crisis Management Centers –Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases Cal-(IT)2 Will Focus on High Performance Grids –Analysis, Collaboration, and Crisis Management –Broadband Wireless Sensornets –Metro Optical Network Testbed Build a Living-in-the-Future Laboratory –UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses –San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border –Early Access to HW/SW from Industrial Partners

Web Browser - Portal Interface Portal Engine User Preferences State Values Data Gather XML HTML Legacy and Problem Specific Databases, Collections, & Literature Analysis Tools: - Pattern Recognition - GIS Queries -Data Mining -Multi-Sensor Fusion Applications: -Epidemiology - Transportation Systems -... Common Portal Architecture Customized for Crisis Management Built on Prior SDSC and NCSA Work