Building Living Laboratories of the Future Invited Plenary Talk The Society for College and University Planning San Diego, CA July 17, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

Californias Institutes for Science and Innovation UCSB UCLA California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCB California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research UCI UCSD California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCSC UCD UCM

Cal-(IT) 2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community Over Fifty Industrial Partners

Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime –Broadband Speeds –Cellular Interoperating with Wi-Fi Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points –Information Appliances (Including Cell Phones) –Sensors and Actuators –Embedded Processors Broadband Becomes a Mass Market –Homes and Business Buildings Enormous Bandwidth Optical Backbones The Internet Is Going to Be Always-On

Broadband Wireless Internet Infrastructure is Emerging Today Wireless Internet Hot Spots –IEEE b,a –Access Ports to Wired Internet –Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps –Security and Authentication can be Added Cellular Internet is Rolling Out –CDMA2000 1xEV-DO –South Korea SKT & KTF See Fast Growth –Verizon, Sprint Introduce This Summer –WCDMA & GPRS –Japan NTT DoCoMo FOMA Launched Oct 2001 The future is already here, its just not evenly distributed William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer Samsung

Soon The Internet Will Be Available Throughout the Physical World ,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2, Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Subscribers (millions) Source: Ericsson

Using Students to Invent the Future of Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs Year- Long Living Laboratory Experiment –Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates –500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego –50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps Cal-(IT) 2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI UC San Diego UC Irvine

ActiveClass: Asking a Question 1. Click in box 2. Type question 3. Click Submit 1. Click in box 2. Type question 3. Click Submit Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

ActiveClass: Asking a Question Also Polls and Class Ratings Question is posted Others can vote on it Question is posted Others can vote on it Used in CSE 12, Our 2 nd Programming Course 200 Students in Two Sections Continuing This Term Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

Geolocation Is Likely to Be an Early New Wireless Internet Application Methods of Geolocation –GPS chips –GPS signal –Triangulation –Bluetooth Beacons –Gyro chips Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD UCSD ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map

Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT) 2 Mobile Interactivity Avatar Linked by Qualcomm 1xEV Cellular Internet Useful for Highway Accidents or Disasters

However, Broad Debate Is Needed to Avoid Citizen Revolt Against Privacy Violations

Local Wi-Fi Can Be Linked With Wide Area Cellular Internet First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet –UCSD Jacobs School Antenna –First Beta Test Site Linking to Mobile Bubble –Tested on CyberShuttle –Joint Project with Campus –From Railway to Campus at 65 mph! Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point

Creating a Mobile Bubble With a Briefcase…

Why Optical Networks Are Emerging as the 21 st Century Driver Scientific American, January 2001

Closing in on the Dream Using satellite technology…to demo what It might be like to have high-speed fiber-optic links between advanced computers in two different geographic locations. Al Gore, Senator Chair, US Senate Subcommittee on Science, Technology and Space What we really have to do is eliminate distance between individuals who want to interact with other people and with other computers. Larry Smarr, Director National Center for Supercomputing Applications, UIUC SIGGRAPH 89 Science by Satellite Source: Maxine Brown, EVL, UIC Boston Illinois

Many National Science Facilities Require Distributed Storage and Computing National Partnership for Advanced Computational Infrastructure Part of the UCSD CRBS Center for Research on Biological Structure Biomedical Informatics Research Network (BIRN) NIH Plans to Expand to Other Organs and Many Laboratories

Some Scientific Applications Require Experimental Optical Networks Large Data Challenges in Neuro and Earth Sciences –Each Data Object is 3D and Gigabytes –Data are Generated and Stored in Distributed Archives –Research is Carried Out on Federated Repository Requirements –Computing Requirements PC Clusters –Communications Dedicated Lambdas –Data Large Peer-to-Peer Lambda Attached Storage –Visualization Collaborative Volume Algorithms Response –OptIPuter Research Project

Compute + Data + Viz Grid: LambdaGrid Building Block Consider a Canonical Building Block –Cluster: 16 – 128 Nodes (160GF – 1.2 TF) –Storage: 0.5TB – 10 TB –Visualization: Desktop, Wall, Panoram Commodity GigE Switch External Access

switch Cluster – Disk Disk – Disk Viz – Disk DB – Cluster Cluster – Cluster School of Med Chemistry, Engineering, Arts SDSC SIO Oracle DBServer switch DWDM Switch Logical Connections Central DWDM Switch

½ Mile The UCSD LambdaGrid Living Laboratory SIO SDSC CRCA Keck SOM JSOE Cal-(IT) 2 Preuss 6 th College Phase I, Fall 02 Phase II, Jan. 03

Metro Optically Linked Visualization Walls Driven by SensorNets Data –Real Time Seismic –Environmental Monitoring –Emergency Response –Distributed Corporations Linked UCSD and SDSU –Dedication March 4, 2002 Linking Control Rooms Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council UCSD SDSU 44 Miles of Cox Fiber

CENIC and CISI Plan to Create a Dark Fiber Experimental and Research Network The SoCal Component

Creating Metro, Regional, State, National, and Planetary Optical Networking Laboratories Vancouver Seattle Portland San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego (SDSC) NCSA SURFnet CERN CA* net4 Asia Pacific Asia Pacific AMPATH PSC Atlanta CA*net4 Source: Tom DeFanti and Maxine Brown, UIC NYC TeraGrid DTFnet CENIC Pacific Light Rail Chicago UIC NU USC UCSD, SDSU UCI

From Telephone Conference Calls to International Video Meetings Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UICs Elec. Vis. Lab

Broadband Networking Enables New Cyber Arts UCSD/UCI Computer Gaming Initiative Computing As Social Space High Resolution Graphics and Audio Humans Interacting with Virtual Realities UC San Diego UC Irvine Internet Linked Pianos

Cal-(IT) 2 Is Designing Two New Buildings Johnson Fain Partners Design Approval by UC Regents July 19, 2001 UC Irvine 120,000 GSF

How Wireless and Optical Revolutions Impact Design of Campus Buildings Will Create Unique Facilities –Clean Rooms for Nanotech –Computer Arts & Virtual Reality –Wireless and Optical Networking –Interdisciplinary Teams Bioengineering Cal-(IT) 2 UC San Diego 220,000 GSF May 31, 2002

Building Was Designed For Radio Frequency Transparency Wireless Communication Trends –Greater Transmission Bandwidth Drives Move To Higher Frequencies –From 900 MHz To 1900 MHz (Cellular Systems) –2.4 GHz To 5.8 GHz (Unlicensed Band) –LMDS (31 To 31.3 GHz) On The Horizon –Wavelength Of Radio Waves At 3GHz Is 10 cm –LMDS Band Wavelength Is Approximately 1 cm Building Implications –Signal Absorption Increases –Propagation Tends To Be Line Of Sight –Ceiling Mounted Access Points –Clear Paths Through Hallways To The Exterior –Floor-To-Floor Vertical Cavities –Multiple Reflections Constructive Or Destructive Interference –Minimize Use Of Sharp Metallic Ducts Or Furniture Source: Ramesh Rao, Cal-(IT) 2 and NBBJ

Creating Wireless Propagation Guides to Minimize Interference

Zoning for Ubiquitous Wireless Coverage Provide For Greater Frequency Reuse Using Pico Cellular Architecture

Building Materials Were Chosen To Maximize Radio Penetration Exterior Wall –Clear Glazing –Trespa Wall Panels Interior Walls –Glazed Office Walls –Clerestory

The Cal-(IT) 2 Buildings Are Designed to Support Virtual Teams Flexibility: Labs Or Offices Mix of Office Types: Carrels and Traditional Live Visual Internet Walls Everywhere

Modular Approach for Flexible Fiber and Wireless Connectivity Wireline Internet Access And Power Drops Every 30 Ft

Essential Utilities WaterGasElectricity The 4 th Utility Source:Matt Spathas, SENTRE Partners Should Bandwidth Be the 4th Utility?

Building Bandwidth Connectivity is Exponentially Increasing 2002 –Campus Backbone is Gigabit Ethernet – 1 Thousand Megabits/sec 2005 –Cal-(IT) 2 UCSD Building –More than 100 Fiber Strands to Building –Assuming 1 Lambda per Fiber Using 10 Gigabit Ethernet – 1 Million Megabits/sec 2008 –Assuming 100 Lambdas per Fiber – 100 Million Megabits/sec Comparison: Highest Bandwidth into San Diego Commercial Building is 45 Megabits/sec