Leveraging Information Technology and Telecommunications for Crisis Management Invited Talk to The Workshop on Crisis Response University of California, Irvine March 19, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

IT and Telecomm are the Key Technologies for Crisis Management How Do We Know: The Detailed Current State of the System NOW? What the Future Evolution of the Situation is Likely to Be? How Can We Achieve: An Overall Situational Awareness? A Common Operational Picture? How Do We Communicate With: Crisis Managers? First Responders? How Can We Decide: Which Problem to Attack First? Which Assets Should Be Deployed Where and When?

How Can the “Future Internet” Enhance Capabilities for Emergency Preparedness? Enabled by Expansion of Internet Infrastructure Wireless Extends Coverage Everywhere Optical Backbone Provides High Bandwidth New Generation of Sensors and Receivers Three Tier System Wireless SensorNets Brings Data to Repositories Collaborative Crisis Management Data Centers Remote Wireless Devices Interrogate Databases Building a “Living-in-the-Future” Laboratory UCSD, UCI, and SDSU Campuses San Diego, Orange County, Cross Border Collaboration with City, County, and State Govts.

Cal-(IT)2 Has an Emerging Focus on Homeland Security UCSD Chancellor is Leading Campus-wide Discussions UCI Has Submitted ITR on Crisis Management Cal-(IT)2 Meetings with SD County, Cal OES, SPAWAR, SAIC System Integrate Early Warning Systems Developing MEMS to Nano Wireless Chem/BioSensors Set up Prototype Distributed Disaster Response System High Tech Coast GIS coupled to XML Mediation Medical Record Distributed Database as Early Project Ubiquitous Connectivity Expanded to First Responders

A Layered Software Architecture is Needed for Defense and Civilian Applications SPAWAR Systems Center San Diego www.ndia-sd.org/docs/NDIA_20June00.pdf

Cal-(IT)2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet 220 UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community Over Fifty Industrial Partners www.calit2.net

Building “Living Laboratories” Extend Research Outside of Building Using the Internet to Create Laboratories Students, Faculty, and Industry In Partnership with Surrounding Communities Focus on Dual Use for Crisis Management Civil Infrastructure California Water System Transportation

Using Students to Invent the Future of Widespread Use of Wireless Pocket PCs Year- Long “Living Laboratory” Experiment 2001-02 Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates 500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego 50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine Currently Using Local Area Network Wireless Internet Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps UC Irvine UC San Diego Cal-(IT)2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI

PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC The FCC Unlicensed Band Can be Used to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network A Cal-(IT)2 Academic Partner Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management Allows for Internet Deployment to Remote Locations NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html

A Cal-(IT)2 Academic Partner HPWREN Project Demo of Fast Setup Wireless Internet for Crisis Response A Cal-(IT)2 Academic Partner http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN/Slide26.JPG

Cal-(IT)2 is Developing the Required Wireless Services Middleware Applications Wireless Services Interface Real-Time Services Power Control Location Awareness Mobile Code Security Data Management UCI Wireless Infrastructures UCSD Wireless J. Pasquale, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Operating System Services are Needed for Power / Performance Management Management of Power and Performance Efficient Way to Exchange Energy/Power Related Info Among Hardware / OS / Applications Power-Aware API Application Power Aware API PA-API - Power aware function calls available to the application writer. Some functions of this layer are specific to certain scheduling techniques. PA-Middleware - Power aware services implemented on the top of the OS (power management threads, data handling, etc...). POSIX - Standard interface for OS system calls. This isolates PA-API and PA-Middleware from OS. PA-OSL - Power aware OS layer. Calls related to modified OS services should go through this level. Also isolates OS from PA-API and PA-Middleware. PA-HAL - Power Aware Hardware Abstraction Layer. Isolates OS from underlying power aware hardware. Here are implemented the functions available to the operating system writer. Modified OS services - Implementation / modification of OS services in a power related fashion. Ex: scheduler, memory manager, I/O, etc. Power Aware Middleware POSIX PA-OSL Operating System Modified OS Services Operating System PA-HAL Hardware Abstraction Layer Hardware Rajesh Gupta UCI, Cal-(IT)2

What is a SensorNet? Sensors Sensor Platform Physical, Chemical, Biological, Imaging,… Sensor Platform Computing, Power, Storage, Radios, … Telecommunications Infrastructure Wired, Wireless, Internet, … Sensor Arrays Homogeneous, Inhomogeneous, Ad Hoc, … Layered Software Backend Data Systems

Low Power Biological, Chemical, Pollutant, Magnetic, Particulate Sensor Development Designed to Be Easily Manufactured Can Be Chemically Modified to Be Specific Compatible With Silicon Microfabrication Technologies Special Properties: Low False Alarm Rate, Sensitive Miniature, Portable, Lower Cost Target Markets: Industrial Waste, Pollution Monitoring Monitoring Public Spaces Law Enforcement, First Responders, Medical Personnel Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent Developed for DARPA Micro Unattended Ground Sensors program Mike Sailor, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT)2

Automobiles will Become SensorNet Platforms Campus Partnering for Implementation UC Irvine’s Institution of Transportation Studies UCSD Computer Vision and Robotics Research Caltrans ATMS Testbed + Cal-(IT)2 = ZEVNET 50 Toyota Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) Add GPS Tracking, Wireless Communications “Living Laboratory” Source: Will Recker, UCI

Real-Time Monitoring of Bridges Through Wireless Internet SensorNets Data-Loggers Sensor Local Data Hub Control Center PC104 Wireless Internet UCI Users UCSD Caltrans Workstation Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering

Millions of Video Cameras Will Add Image Data Streams to the Net London Underground Initially 25,000 Video Cameras Expansion to 250,000 Possible British Transport Police Switch to Any Camera in 1 Sec. Source: Telindus British CCTV System Currently 2.5 Million CCTV Cameras Installed (NY Times) Average London Citizen is Seen by 300 Cameras Per Day Face Recognition Software Added in High Crime Areas Up to 6 Million Surveillance Cameras Across the USA in 5-7 Years Privacy International Prediction

Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots Useful for Quick Response to Disasters Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet Mobile Interactivity Avatar Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT)2

Integrate Remote Reconnaissance with Satellite Imagery and Ground SensorNets HOTLINKs for Damage Locations using GPS and Digital Photos on GIS Maria Feng UCI Civil & Environmental Engineering

Data and Knowledge Systems Are the Heart of Crisis Management Storage hardware Database Systems, Grid Storage, Filesystems Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion Web Portal Customized to User Device Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing Networked Storage (SAN) Visualization High speed networking Sensornets—Real-Time Data ROADNet ActiveCampus Health of Civil Infrastructure AUTONET

GIS Based Crisis Management Software Tools-- SAIC’s Consequences Assessment Tool Set (CATS) Prediction of Disaster Evolution Hurricane, Earthquake, Terror Casualty Distribution Probabilities Response Management Source: SAIC

CATS California Governmental Users Burbank Fire Department Chino Valey Independent Fire District City of Anaheim City of Bakersfield Fire Department Colton Police Department Fremont Fire Department Kern County Fire Dept Idyllwild Fire Protection District Kings County Fire Department Livermore-Pleasanton Fire Department Marin County Fire Department Metro Water District of Southern CA Red Bluff Police Department Sacramento Reg. Fire/EMS Comm Center San Bernardino County Sheriff’s Depart. San Bernardino Valley Municipal Water District San Diego County of Environmental Health San Diego County Health and Human Services San Diego County Office of Disaster Preparedness San Diego Fire and Life Safety Services San Diego Police Department Shasta County Sherrif Yuba City Fire Department

Data Mining Across Agency Stovepipes Is an Essential Next Step CRIMINAL JUSTICE EMERGENCY RESPONSE PUBLIC HEALTH SECURITY INTEGRATED INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM Local State Federal INFORMATION SOURCES Cal-(IT)2 is Partnering With SAIC and Campuses On Emergency Preparedness Plan

Source: Panoram Technologies Multi-Sensor Data Fusion Control Rooms Will Integrate SensorNets with Legacy Data Integrate Situational Awareness Common Operational Picture Local Data Warehouse with Remote Data Access AI Data Mining of Distributed Databases Spatial Data Analysis Consequences Assessment Tool Set Source: Panoram Technologies

Developing Optically Linked Distributed Analysis, Command, & Control Centers Driven by Data-Intensive Applications Real Time Seismic Emergency Response Medical Imaging Linked UCSD and SDSU Dedication March 4, 2002 Linking Control Rooms Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council

Next Step is to Create a SoCal Optical Experimental Network

Access Grid is Being Used in Over a Hundred Sites Using the Internet to Link Multiple Sites into a Collaborative Interactive Visualization Space Access Grid is Being Used in Over a Hundred Sites Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab