Believe and Achieve Together Cippenham Infant School Maths Workshop Number and Calculations 6th February 2013 Believe and Achieve Together

We all use Maths all day everyday! We look at the clock to tell the time before we get out of bed. We estimate how far it is to the floor! We know how many degrees to turn the tap so that we get enough water without getting soaked! We measure the cornflakes in our bowl so they don't spill over! We go to the shops, pay bills, pay for the bus…you get the picture! Today we will focus on number and calculating and aim to show you how we develop your child’s mathematical knowledge at school and provide some ideas how you can best support them at home.

Foundation Stage - How its Done! Development Matters A document called Development Matters is used to plan relevant activities and learning opportunities at age related expectations. All activities are working towards the final aim, the Early Learning Goal.

What are the Early Learning Goals? FS - Number Children count reliably with numbers from one to 20, place them in order and say which number is one more or one less than a given number. Using quantities and objects, they add and subtract two single-digit numbers and count on or back to find the answer. They solve problems, including doubling, halving and sharing.

Key Stage One - How its Done! The National Curriculum Many support materials such as ‘The Primary Strategies’ have been produced to help teachers plan effectively and with progression. All support materials work towards the final goal to achieve National Curriculum expectations. At Cippenham Infant School we use the National Curriculum and School Targets to plan effectively for every child. Nationally pupils are expected to achieve level 2b at the end of year two, although at Cippenham Infant School we always aim higher!

KS1 – Number Level 1 Count up to 10 objects Read, write numbers to 10 Order numbers to 10 Understand addition as finding the total of two or more sets of objects Understand subtraction as ‘taking away’ objects from a set and finding how many are left Add and subtract numbers or objects to 10 Begin to know some addition facts Solve addition and subtraction problems involving up to 10 objects (practically) Record work with objects, pictures, diagrams Begin to use + and =

KS1 – Number Level 2 Count sets reliably (10’s, 2’s 5’s) Know place value of 2 digit numbers Recognise odd and even numbers Use the knowledge that subtraction is the inverse of addition Understand halving as a way of ‘undoing’ doubling and vice versa Use mental recall of addition facts to 10 Use mental calculation strategies to solve number problems including those involving money and measures Choose appropriate operation when solving addition and subtraction problems Solve number problems involving money and measures Record their work number sentences

Addition and Subtraction First, we begin with fun practical activities. You have 2 sweets. I give you 1 more. How many do you have altogether? You have 4 pencils. I take one away. How many pencils do you have left?

Addition and Subtraction Then, we learn how to write it as a number sentence. 2 + 1 = 3 4 - 1 = 3

Addition and subtraction Using a numberline 8 + 5 = ? Put your finger on 8….jump on 5… What number did you land on? 15-7=? Put your finger on 15….jump back 7….

Addition and subtraction Have a go! 8 + 7 = We always remind the children to count the jumps not the numbers!

Addition Mental methods 15+3=18 “Put 15 in your head, count on 3. What number did you land on?” 19-6=13 “Put 19 in your head, count back 6. The teachers like to call it ‘Grab and Chin It!’  

Addition Have a go! 18+6=? ‘Grab and Chin It!’  

Addition and Subtraction Using a hundred square Once there is understanding of the value of Tens and Units we use the 100 Square to work out the answer. 15+12=? “Put you finger on 15. Add 10 by jumping down one row, then add 2 by jumping along 2. What number did you land on?” 27-14=? “Put your finger on 27. Take away 10 by jumping up one row, then take away 4 by jumping back 4. What number did you land on?

Addition and subtraction Mental methods and number sentences Once there is understanding of the value of Tens and Units then we use this method but remember we always keep the first number whole! 15+12= 37-26 15+10=25 37-20=17 25+2=27 17+6=11 The children use Dennes blocks to support their understanding. Also, until they are confident at counting on and back in Tens and Units in their head they can use a 100 square to check their answers. 10 1

Addition and subtraction Have a go at the long written method! 17+14=? 35-22=? Remember we always keep the first number whole!

Explain Multiplication First, we begin with fun practical activities. I have 5 friends coming to a party and each friend needs 2 slices of pizza for dinner. How many slices do I need?

Multiplication So: 5 lots of 2 = 10 Then, we learn how to write it as a number sentence. First of all we teach the children to understand ‘x’ as ‘lots of’ So

Then, record with the multiplication operation symbol. So: 5 x 2 = 10

Repeated addition Multiplication When the children are still developing their number skills, it can be useful to show them how to work out multiplication as repeated addition. So 4 lots of 5 or 4 x 5 would become 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 And the answer is 20!

I can multiply using arrays. Multiplication I can multiply using arrays.

I can multiply using arrays. Multiplication I can multiply using arrays.

How could you arrange them I have 12 counters. How could you arrange them into 2 equal rows?

There are 2 lots of 6….

There are 2 lots of 6…. …..6 + 6 = 12

Or there are 6 lots of 2…. …. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12

Then you can convert these repeated additions into multiplication number sentences using ‘lots of’. 6 + 6 = 12 How many ‘lots of’ 6 are there? So this becomes 2 lots of 6 = 12 or 2 x 6 = 12

Then you can convert these repeated additions into multiplication number sentences using ‘lots of’. 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 12 How many ‘lots of’ 2 are there? So this becomes 6 lots of 2 = 12 or 6 x 2 = 12

Can you think of any other ways to arrange the counters? Write your repeated addition and corresponding multiplication on your board!

involves counting in 2’s 5 times! Multiplication Mental methods As the children progress in their learning of mathematics, they will develop mental strategies that will allow them to solve multiplication problems without written methods. So calculating 5 x 2 involves counting in 2’s 5 times!

Division First, we begin with fun practical activities. I have 8 cookies and need to share them with my friend. How many cookies do we get each?

Division We share the cookies between the 2 people. How many cookies do they get each? 4

Then we teach the children to write this as a number sentence. Division Then we teach the children to write this as a number sentence. First of all we explain the division operation symbol as meaning shared between. So 8 shared between 2 = 4

Then, record with the multiplication operation symbol. So: Division Then, record with the multiplication operation symbol. So: 8 ÷ 2 = 4

Division Mental methods As the children progress in their learning of mathematics, they will develop mental strategies that will allow them to solve division problems without written methods. They can actually use their knowledge of multiplication to help them with this. Start on 4 and count in 4’s until you get to 8. Count on your fingers how many times you count. That’s your answer!

Division Repeated Subtraction When the children are still developing their number skills, it can be useful to show them how to work out division as repeated subtraction. So you start on 8 and jump back in 2’s until you can’t go any further! How many jumps do you make? 2! So 8 ÷ 2 = 4

Using and Applying During all maths activities the children need to be able to use and apply what they know. We have to ask the right questions to support the children in learning how to use and apply their knowledge. This is really important when solving real life problems. I spend 35p at the shops. If I pay with 50p how much change will I get?

Using and Applying What are the important numbers? What can you do check your answer is right? ? What do you need to do to work out the answer? What are the important words? How do you know? Have a go! Using any of the methods we have looked at today, what would be the best method for the children to use to work out the answer?

Using and Applying Level 1 Use mathematics as an integral part of classroom activities, (with support) - engage with practical mathematical activities involving sorting, counting and measuring by direct comparison - begin to understand the relevance of mathematical ideas to everyday situations by using them in role-play Level 2 Select the mathematics they use in some classroom activities (with support) - find a starting point, identifying key facts/relevant information - use apparatus, diagrams, role-play, etc. to represent and clarify a problem - move between different representations of a problem, e.g. a situation described in words, a diagram, etc. - adopt a suggested model or systematic approach - make connections and apply their knowledge to similar situations - use mathematical content from levels 1 and 2 to solve problems and investigate

Questions

At CIS learning is exciting, challenging and personal. Learning is a journey! At CIS learning is exciting, challenging and personal. Children should rarely stop on their school journey. If and when they do we all need to be there to ensure they continue rapidly and confidently to enable them to be the best they can be. How can you support your child on their learning journey?

How can you support your child on their learning journey? Use school methods when completing homework. Share mathematical experiences that are fun – look at your hand out for help! Day to day tasks are a mathematical opportunity! Count the stairs to bed, look at even and odd numbers on houses, add together the numbers on a car number plate, cutting a cake into even slices… Play relevant learning games on the computer. One of the most valuable things you can do is to ask the magic question...”How did you work it out?” If children can explain what they have done they will consolidate their own understanding and misconceptions can be addressed. Always ask the teachers if you have any questions.

Families into maths Tuesday 12th and Thursday 14th February 9.15am - 10.15am We look forward to welcoming you into school.