Exile and Return Main Idea The Jews continued their religion during exile in Babylon.

Synagogues formed to give the people hope. Jews met on Sabbath. Babylonian Exile The Jews were forced to live in a foreign land. Jews prayed and discussed their religion

Jews rebuilt Jerusalem and the temple. under Cyrus let the Jews go back to Judah in 538 B.C. The Persians defeated the Chaldeans and Leaders became Temple priests & scribes Cyrus appointed officials To rule the country and Collect taxes from the People.

Cyrus the Great A tolerant ruler  he let cultures within his empire to keep their own institutions. The Jews called him “the anointed of the Lord.” (In 537, he allowed over 40,000 to return to Palestine). 580 – 529 B. C.

The Persian Empire

The Torah Under scribe Ezra, the five books to the Torah were written on parchment pieces sewn together to make long scrolls. Hebrew Bible has the 5 books of the Torah and 34 other books of Jewish history. Stories like Noah and the arc, tower of Babel to explain many languages

Jerusalem: Studying the Torah

The Torah Jews look to the future Parts contain prophecies for peaceful future. Ex. Daniel Daniel lived in Babylon and advised king. When he would not worship Babylonian gods, he was thrown into Lion’s Den Jew’s always reminded of God’s protection and plan.

Isaiah Scroll

Main Idea Jews spread their beliefs to the Greek world and regained control of Judah. Jews and the Greeks

331 B.C.: 334 B.C.: Alexander Alex the Great defeated Began conquest of Known world. 331 B.C.: Alexander defeated Persians and gained Control of Judah. Alex let them stay there but forced Greek culture and beliefs on them.

Meaning Greek for “scattered” Who Jews outside of Judah Where DIASPORA Meaning Greek for “scattered” Who Jews outside of Judah Where Many parts of the world What Jews learned Greek but stayed loyal to Judaism (copied Hebrew Bible to Greek)

The Jewish Diaspora

Hanukkah

“FESTIVAL OF LIGHTS” CELEBRATE IN DECEMBER Hanukkah Each year, Jews recall the cleansing of temple when they celebrate Hanukkah. Priests from Maccabeus’s family ruled Judah and took over land that had been part of the Kingdom of Israel.

Jewish Way of Life Religion shaped the Jewish way of life. Main Idea Jewish Way of Life Religion shaped the Jewish way of life.

Jewish laws became important when they no longer had their own land and king.

Only beef and lamb – NO PORK!! KASHRUT – laws about food Family Life Jewish Diet http://www.jmberlin.de/ksl/infoblatt/koscher/koscher_EN.php Jewish Clothing Sons carried name Fathers taught sons how to work and worship Elders taught Torah Mothers taught girls to be good wives and mothers Girls learned diet laws and about courageous women http://www.kashrut.com/articles/soul_food/ Only certain animals Only beef and lamb – NO PORK!! KASHRUT – laws about food Jews only eat kosher.***** No dairy with meat Law forbade mixing fabrics Men wore tunics of linen and cloaks Caps (yarmulkes) and sandals Women wore simple dresses and covered head

Main Idea Jews and the Romans Under Roman rule, Jews were divided and rebellious. Romans destroyed the temple and exiled the Jews.

Romans: At first Allowed Jewish Rulers to run Judaea Conquered Judah in 63 B.C. Renamed The area Judaea At first Allowed Jewish Rulers to run Judaea

Herod the Great’s Kingdom BEST KNOWN FOR: Cruelty and changes to temple. King of Judaea when Jesus was born.

Herod the Great’s Kingdom AFTER HEROD’S DEATH: Romans replaced Jewish king with a Roman governer. Jewish factions formed splitting up power.

Pharisees Sadducees Jewish factions Essenes * taught Torah and how To apply to daily life * in synagogues * supported by Common people Sadducees Believed Torah Applies to priests in temple Most were priests And scribes Jewish factions Essenes Broke from temple To live in desert Praying and waiting For God’s deliverance

Dead Sea Scrolls Museum in Israel Dead Sea Scrolls were found in 1947 Were probably written by Essenes

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Essene Ruins at Qumran

The Essene Community at Qumran

The Jewish Revolts (66-70 A.D.)

Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom. Words to Know! Messiah – a deliverer sent by God Zealots – Jews that wanted to fight Romans for their freedom.

JEWISH REVOLTS A.D. 132 another revolt Put down Romans killed Jews and Zealots drove Romans out But were Conquered Again 4 years Later. Romans killed Jews and Destroyed Temple. Romans drove Jews from Jerusalem and Renamed Judah Palestine.

Masada: Never Again! Roman Encampment

Jews then had rabbis to be teachers of the Torah. Johanan ben Zakkai – a famous rabbi 1. After A.D. 70, he made sure study of the Torah continue. 2. Founded school in Palestine that became center of Torah studies for centuries.

Rabbis combined teachings about Torah and the Torah into book called Talmud 2000 years – most Jews lived outside Palestine. 1948 – nation of Israel created.