The Golden Rule

3 Maxims (or Principles) to the Categorical Imperative 1. All actions must be able to be made into universal laws 2. Every human being must be treated as an end rather than a means to an end 3. You must always behave as if you are the absolute moral authority of the entire universe

The Golden Rule “So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets” “So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets” Matthew 7:12

5 Min Task Use a full jotter page to create a Golden Rule logo (complete with rule)

Interpretations of Sacred Writings

Area 1: Relationship Between Religion and Moral Values a) Euthyphro Dilemma b) Religious Morality - Moral autonomy / moral heteronomy - Moral autonomy / moral heteronomy - Golden Rule - Golden Rule - Interpretations of Sacred Scripture - Interpretations of Sacred Scripture c) Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics - Utilitarianism - Utilitarianism - Immanuel Kant - Immanuel Kant

Introduction There are many scriptures that religious people believe come from God(s). There are many scriptures that religious people believe come from God(s). These scriptures also act as a guide to followers providing guidance on what is right and what is wrong. These scriptures also act as a guide to followers providing guidance on what is right and what is wrong. Religions disagree with each other because they each believe that their scripture is divine. Religions disagree with each other because they each believe that their scripture is divine. As well as this there are many different interpretations of these scriptures within a religion. As well as this there are many different interpretations of these scriptures within a religion.

Introduction There are many scriptures that religious people believe come from God(s). There are many scriptures that religious people believe come from God(s). These scriptures also act as a guide to followers providing guidance on what is right and what is wrong. These scriptures also act as a guide to followers providing guidance on what is right and what is wrong. Religions disagree with each other because they each believe that their scripture is divine. Religions disagree with each other because they each believe that their scripture is divine. As well as this there are many different interpretations of these scriptures within a religion. As well as this there are many different interpretations of these scriptures within a religion.

Quick Quiz: Name that holy book.... Islam - Islam - Sikhism - Sikhism - Hinduism - Hinduism - Christianity - Christianity - Buddhism - Buddhism - Judaism - Judaism -

Quick Quiz: Name that holy book.... Islam – Koran (and the Hadith)‏ Islam – Koran (and the Hadith)‏ Sikhism – The Guru Granth Sahib Sikhism – The Guru Granth Sahib Hinduism – The Vedas Hinduism – The Vedas Christianity – The Bible Christianity – The Bible Buddhism – The Sutras Buddhism – The Sutras Judaism – The Tenak (Torah, Prophets and other writings)‏ Judaism – The Tenak (Torah, Prophets and other writings)‏

What is Inerrancy??

Inerrancy refers to the belief that the scriptures are without error Inerrancy refers to the belief that the scriptures are without error In Christianity, all Christians believe that the Bible was inspired by God, but have different opinions about the inerrancy of the Bible In Christianity, all Christians believe that the Bible was inspired by God, but have different opinions about the inerrancy of the Bible

Inerrancy Fundamentalists/Literalists: the scripture is 100% true with no errors and should be interpreted literally. Fundamentalists/Literalists: the scripture is 100% true with no errors and should be interpreted literally. Conservatives: the scripture is true but should always be interpreted in context and sometimes symbolically. Conservatives: the scripture is true but should always be interpreted in context and sometimes symbolically. Liberals: the scriptures are not seen as factual books. The lessons and meaning of the stories are what's important. Liberals: the scriptures are not seen as factual books. The lessons and meaning of the stories are what's important.

Christian Scripture Christian Scripture were written between years ago when many moral issues could not have even been imagined! Christian Scripture were written between years ago when many moral issues could not have even been imagined! This means Christians have to match up Biblical teachings to fit with modern dilemmas. This means Christians have to match up Biblical teachings to fit with modern dilemmas. This will still leave you having to work a few things out for yourself. This will still leave you having to work a few things out for yourself.

Examples Modern day problems include: - Is abortion ever right? Is abortion ever right? Should we keep a person in a coma alive on life support for decades? Should we keep a person in a coma alive on life support for decades? Should we give and receive blood? Should we give and receive blood? Can I kill in self defence? Can I kill in self defence? etc etc

Catholic and Protestant Bibles The Bible wasn't officially compiled as one book until 373AD The Bible wasn't officially compiled as one book until 373AD The Protestant Churches have 66 books in their canon of the Bible The Protestant Churches have 66 books in their canon of the Bible The RC Church has 73 books (they added some over the years)‏ The RC Church has 73 books (they added some over the years)‏

RC Bible (Extra Books)‏ Tobit Tobit Judit Judit Wisdom of Solomon Wisdom of Solomon Sirach Sirach Baruch Baruch First and Second Maccabees First and Second Maccabees

Languages of the Bible The Bible was not written in English The Bible was not written in English Sometimes when it is translated into English there can be differences of opinion with regards to the real meaning. Sometimes when it is translated into English there can be differences of opinion with regards to the real meaning.

Languages of the Bible The Virgin birth example: The Virgin birth example: “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.” KJV “Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel.” KJV

“Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Look, the young woman is with child and shall bear a son, and shall name him Immanuel.” NRSV “Therefore the Lord himself will give you a sign. Look, the young woman is with child and shall bear a son, and shall name him Immanuel.” NRSV

עלמה Hebrew: Almah Hebrew: Almah This word can mean either 'virgin' or 'young woman' This word can mean either 'virgin' or 'young woman'

Christian Scripture Christians use scripture for moral guidance. However, they also compare it with their reason and check with their religious leaders or other Christians. Christians use scripture for moral guidance. However, they also compare it with their reason and check with their religious leaders or other Christians. Hence, different denominations can hold different opinions about moral issues! Hence, different denominations can hold different opinions about moral issues!

Do non-religious people have 'sacred writings' that they turn to for moral guidance? Do non-religious people have 'sacred writings' that they turn to for moral guidance?

Viewpoints Independent of Religious Belief … the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. … the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom. UN Declaration of Human Rights

What is Inerrancy?? Inerrancy refers to the belief that the scriptures are without error Inerrancy refers to the belief that the scriptures are without error In Christianity, all Christians believe that the Bible was inspired by God, but have different opinions about the inerrancy of the Bible In Christianity, all Christians believe that the Bible was inspired by God, but have different opinions about the inerrancy of the Bible Copy into jotters

Inerrancy Fundamentalists/Literalists: the scripture is 100% true with no errors and should be interpreted literally. Fundamentalists/Literalists: the scripture is 100% true with no errors and should be interpreted literally. Conservatives: the scripture is true but should always be interpreted in context and sometimes symbolically. Conservatives: the scripture is true but should always be interpreted in context and sometimes symbolically. Liberals: the scriptures are not seen as factual books. The lessons and meaning of the stories are what's important. Liberals: the scriptures are not seen as factual books. The lessons and meaning of the stories are what's important. Copy into jotters

Purple RMPS Book Read p75 and complete the Qs in your jotters Read p75 and complete the Qs in your jotters

Extension: Read the Info Sheet in your Folders There are no page numbers – sorry! There are no page numbers – sorry!7mins

In groups, discuss answers to the questions In groups, discuss answers to the questions10mins