Arctic ROOS contributions Tapani Stipa, Ari Seinä, Seppo Kaitala (FIMR)‏ Timo Vihma (FMI)‏

Why ice related services are required? The Baltic Sea: Heavy marine traffic (largest of ice covered seas in Word)‏ Annual 600-700 million tons (of which 40% during winter months)‏ Any time 2000 larger vessels are sailing in Baltic Sea >90% of ships with timetables Ice navigation obligatory Ice plays a role up to 6 months marine transportation growing 2-5% a year => 30-40% in 10 years Finland: Annual marine transport 95 million tons of goods (2004), of which ~40 mil. tons in winter months with >25 000 port calls 8 icebreakers © Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2006

Growth scenarios: Marine transportation growth- Finland 1975 31 mil.tons => 2004 95 mil.tons Average growth 3-4%/year 1995-2004 growth 34% By 2015 133-148 mil. tons/year Marine transportation growth- Baltic Sea 2015 => 800-1000 mil. tons Oil transportation from Russia: >100 mil. tons in 2005 >200 mil. tons in 2010 >400 mil. tons in 2015 Latest forecast: by 2015 about 1 B tons! © Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2006

SEA ICE MONITORING & INFORMATION TO USERS AT SEA High res. ice thickness chart High res. satellite image Sat. image and traffic conditions Ice deformation chart Routine ice chart Ice forecasts © Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2006

High-Resolution Ice Thickness Charts over the Baltic Sea Ice thickness chart is based on SAR and ground truth. Spatial resolution 500 by 500m= product for ships and in ships’ scale. End users: shipping Motivation easy to use: Growth of marine transportation =>Risk of hazards is growing. Unexperienced crew. Time-lines of ships Published when SAR data available (about 250 charts in ice season 2005-06, 200 in 2006-07). In 30 min after SAR data is downloaded Future: should be aware of availability and in use of all shipping in the Baltic Sea © Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2006 Operationally available at: http://polarview.fimr.fi © Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2006

Ice forecasts over the Baltic Sea Covering the Baltic Sea End users: shipping +45 h in 3 h steps resolution 1 nautical mile 6 parametres: ice concentration and drift ice ridge thickness ice ridge concentration compress region deformed ice fraction mean ice thickness published once a day Future: expand of forecast up to 10 days. Should be aware of availability and in use of all shipping in the Baltic Sea © Finnish Institute of Marine Research, 2006

Ecological model

mmol/m³ mmol/m³ mmol/m³ 2)‏ 1)‏ 3)‏ 4)‏ Distribution of 1)Diatoms, 2) NO3, 3) PO4 and 4) SIO2 at depth 5 m 1 May 1983 NO3 1)‏ Diatoms 2)‏ mmol/m³ 3)‏ PO4 4)‏ SIO2 mmol/m³ mmol/m³

Time -depth temperature profiles Basin Dvina Bay Kandalaksha Bay Onega Bay

Diatoms, SiO2 and SiDetr at Lat 66:43, Long 34:13

Finnish Meteorological Institute Arctic activities relevant for EuroGOOS Arctic Task Team Timo Vihma 1. Research activities in DAMOCLES (Developing Arctic Modelling and Observing Capabilities for Long-term Environmental Studies)‏ FMI is leading DAMOCLES WP2: Atmosphere, which has the following tasks: Arctic cyclones Operationally important aspects:  Detection of mesoscale cyclones: - high-resolution buoy network (to be deployed by the University of Hamburg)‏ - utilization of AMSU-B data on total water vapour and cloud water content to help detecting Polar lows  Impact of cyclones on sea ice drift b) Boundary layer turbulence  Stably-stratified ABL over sea ice; wind forcing on sea ice drift  Localized convection over leads c) Clouds, adiative fluxes and surface albedo

2. Numerical Weather Prediction including Arctic and sub-Arctic regions FMI is running the reference version and a meso-β version of HIRLAM: Plans for joint Nordic production of numerical weather prediction

Summary of contribution FIMR + FMI Long expertise in viable sea ice service Arctic atmospheric modelling and parameterisation expertise Experience in operational ecological modelling Established system for operational biological observations and assessment Funding being searched for participation in Arctic Buoy Program and improved interpretation of SAR data in the Arctic

Activities 2007 Participation DAMOCLES (sea-ice measurement campaign in drifting ice station Tara & R/V Lance. Participation of LOMROG and ARK-XXII/2 DAMOCLES instrumentation dev. package Ice service Provided operational Baltic Sea ice charts (about 170) Provided operational ice forecasts over Baltic Sea (about 145) Provided operational ice thickness charts (about 200) Field campaign in March with main interest of ice thickness Arctic remote sensing development for ice monitoring

2008 Participation of CryoSat-2 CAL/VAL campaign Participation of Polar View Operational outputs to IPY Ice Logistics Portal Study of X Band SAR for ice parametres Under-ice glider experiment under DAMOCLES Major projects DAMOCLES ESA CryoSat-2 CAL/VAL MyOcean Polar View EUR-OCEANS