Starting at the beginning Foundations of Citizenship Unit one A Portrait of Americans Chapter one American Society And its Values Chapter two The Meaning of Citizenship Chapter three

Chapter one A Portrait of Americans Section 1 Who American Are Section 2 America: A Cultural Mosaic Section 3 The Values that Unite Us

Chapter 1 Section 1 pages 4-8 “Who Americans Are”

Where Americans live:  Americans live on every kind of terrain  The United States is a vast and varied land, and people live all over  We live in a variety of homes

Americans on the Move  It used to be that Americans mostly lived on small farms or in small towns.  As the population grew, people spread westward.  22 million people live in urban areas  Americans move from place to place for many reasons  To the Sunbelt  To Urban Areas

The work force:  Americans have always worked hard.  70 million men and 60 million women working in more than 30,000 different occupations.  In the past most jobs were in farming and manufacturing  75% are now service jobs

Ages of Americans:  In 1850, most Americans were between the ages of Very few elderly.  Today there are more elderly then ever before.  Most Americans now are between the ages of “Baby Boomers” born  the life expectancy is to age 76  By 2050 there may be a social security, medical services strain.

Americans Varied Backgrounds  We are known for our diversity  You can see our diversity in our jobs, home towns and ages  Our Backgrounds differ because we are also from many different cultures and belong to different ethnic groups and races.

Section 2 Pages America: A Cultural Mosaic

The American identity  We are a nation of Immigrants  Native Americans were the first people  Europeans Americans  African Americans, came by force  Asian Americans  Hispanic Americans

European Americans  Came seeking religious freedom and political freedom  They also wanted the opportunity to own property, their own farms and businesses  They brought with them their language their traditions of government  The number of European immigrants has decreased over the years, but they are the majority group in the U.S.

Hispanic Americans  Sometimes called Latinos  Can be of any race and come from Spanish speaking countries  Latino immigrants come from Mexico, Central and South America, and the Caribbean.  They make up the largest minority group in the United States.

African Americans  Did not come voluntarily  Ancestors were enslaved people during colonial America (1400’s)  Enslavement ended in 1865 in the U.S.  These people have suffered through racism, and unequal treatment.  As a group they have made a lot of progress but still suffer from the lack of opportunities.

Asian Americans  Chinese young men were some of the earliest immigrants.  In the west, many worked on building the railroads.  Because of competition for jobs the Asians were victims of the Exclusion laws of 1882 and  Today more then 10 million Asians live in the U.S.

Native Americans  These groups had been living in North America thousands of years before Columbus arrived  European Settlements competed with this group for land  They gaining greater control for their land and getting payment for some to the land that was taken

Our Population today  The Census: Is getting more diverse  All Americans have the same goals 1. To build better lives for themselves 2. To share in the land of opportunity  All groups fit together to form a whole nation  each group adds to the richness of our society.

Section 3 Pages The Values that Unite Us

Americans Believe in the Dream Values that Bind EqualityJusticeFreedom

Equal Respect: The American Dream  Americans share beliefs and values  Beliefs are ideas that we trust are true  Values are our standards of behavior  We believe that all people are unique and deserve the same chance to Realize their potential and contribute to society

Basic American Values Equality:  Equal respect is based on the fact that every one can contribute to society  Every one has the same rights and opportunities in life Equal Opportunity:  Everyone should have an equal chance to succeed in life

Basic American Values Freedom:  The freedom to make choices  With limitations that do not violate other people’s freedoms Justice:  Fair treatment for everyone  It does not mean that everyone is treated equally

Citizens and the American Ideal We are not perfect:  Racism and discrimination still exists  Not everyone is treated equally or fairly The American Ideal and the Future:  Work still needs to be done to make sure that all Americans have: 1. Equality 2. Freedom 3. Justice

Do You Know your Key Terms?  Demography  Census  Baby Boom  Beliefs  Discrimination  Exclusion Laws  Equality  Values  Justice  Freedom  Racism  Sunbelt  Diversity

Chapter 2 American Society and its Values Section 1 Groups and Institutions Pages

2:1 Groups and institutions Participating in a Group  Socialization is learning how to participate in group.  Socialization is also accepting the values of group  Socialization learning the rules of behavior of the group.

Social Institutions 1. Family 2. Religion 3. Education 4. Government 5. Economy Section 2 Society’s Training Grounds

Social institutions determine how society is to be organized Family  The most basic institution  Meets physical needs  Provides a sense of belonging & support  Meets emotional needs  Teaches basic values

The institution of Family has changed over the years The percentage of one parent homes rose from 1970 to 2000 Blended families are the adults and children from previous marriages.

The changing face of family

How does the Family benefit Society?  Rules you learn at home train you to live in society.  Society has created similar rules they are called LAWS

Religious groups can give people a sense of belonging, Religion provides us with moral standards to conduct our selves Helps us to judge what is right and what is wrong Religion

Education Why do we need an Education?  Meeting Society’s needs  Teaching Young to become good citizens  Education brings rewards

2:3 The Economy Economy: a system for producing and distributing goods and services to fulfill people’s need.

The American Economy  Each of us are consumers/some people are workers  People exchange goods or services in a market  The amount you pay for a good or a service is called a price. Some people “barter”  Money is anything accepted as payment

American Economic Freedoms 1. The freedom to buy or sell goods 2. The freedom to compete 3. The freedom to earn a profit 4. The right of ownership 5. The right to pursue any career you wish

2:4 Government Meeting Society’s Needs The role of Government 1. Keeping the Peace 2. Protecting the country 3. Providing Necessary services 4. Maintain Other Institutions Without government life would be filled with chaos

Chapter 3 The Meaning of Citizenship Section 1: What it means to be a citizen Section 2: The Rights, Duties, and Responsibilities of Citizens Section 3: Citizenship and Our Other Roles in Society