The Beginnings of Industrialization Chapter 25 Section 1

Key Terms Industrial Revolution Enclosure Factors of production Crop Rotation Industrialization Factory Entrepreneur

A Revolution in Great Britain Humans and animals were main energy source People began to develop water and steam power Industrial Revolution-the era when the use of power driven machines was developed

Factors for Success Exploration and colonization-provided raw materials such as cotton and fiber Colonies became new markets Sea power brings in raw material and send out manufactured goods because of strong navy

Factors of Success Political stability-1700’s at home the country was a peace, commerce thrived Government support-Parliament passed laws that favored business Growth of private investment-private funding for research and development

Agricultural Factors Most of research took place on farms Jethro Tull-1701 invented the seed drill made planting grain more efficient Potatoes were developed Crop rotation-plant different crops each year Better than three field system

Agricultural Factors Livestock breeding improves Robert Blackwell only allowed his best sheep to breed Average sheep’s weight increases from 18 to 50lbs Food supply and living conditions improve Increased demand for goods

Agricultural Factors Increased food supply Population grew Wealthy landowners combined fields to create large farms Enclosure development-the fencing in of large farms Threw countless farmers of their fields Moved to the city for jobs

Britain’s Big Advantage Factors of productions-land, labor and capitol Land- means all of place’s natural resources Coal to burn as fuel Iron to make steel Water was the most important Streams and rivers turned waterwheels and generated power

Britain’s Big Advantage Waterways provided transportation between mines, factories and markets Mid 1700’s had 1000 miles of canals Grew to 4,000 by 1800 Deep water ports for long distance shipping

Britain’s Big Advantage Labor- had a growing population Thousands lost their farmland Entire families would go to work in an industry Capitol-funds investment for business People with money to spend People with skills inventors

A Revolution in Textiles Began with textile industry Cottage industry- a craft occupation performed at home Industrialization-the process of changing to power driven machinery

A New Way to Make Cloth Most fabric made of wool or cotton Wool increased because of enclosure movement Shipments of cotton came from the colonies Slave labor made cotton farming more profitable Great Britain bought more American cotton

A New Way of Making Cloth Pulling seed from cotton by hand was time consuming Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin (machine) Fiber was then spun into yarn James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny

A New Way of Making Cloth James Arkwright- made a machine that spun stronger, thinner thread Thread woven into fabric Use to be done a t home Power Loom-larger faster weaving system

Cloth-making in Factories New weavers too big for the home Factory- a building that houses industrial machines Needed supplies of power Arkwright built the water frame spinning system Went from 50,000 bolts of cloth to 400,000 in thirty years

Steam Powers the Revolution 1712 first steam engine 1800 - 500 of James Watts machines Put to use in textile industry Factories did not have to be built near water Located where there was fuel and workers Entrepreneur-a person who organizes, manages and takes on the risk of a business

Steam Powers the Revolution Steam used for transportation Richard Trevithick- used steam power for a locomotive Robert Fulton used it for a steamship 1807 Clermont operated on the Hudson River Steamships replace sailing ships

The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad Connect port of Liverpool to city of Manchester Track laid in 1829 Stephenson’s locomotive engine called the Rocket Hauled 13 tons at 24 mph Opened in 1830 Railroad created thousands of jobs

Coal for British Steam Engines Steam engines require a lot of fuel Wood was scarce Had a large supply of coal Coal mining grew as steam power grew 1800 Great Britain produced 80% of Europe's coal