Randy Capps, The Urban Institute Demographics of Children in Immigrant Families Demographics of Children in Immigrant Families “Immigrants and Health Policy: Implications for SCHIP Reauthorization” Congressional Briefing April 20, 2007

14.8 Percent 35.7 Million (2006) 4.7 Percent 12.1 Percent (2006) 40 Million + (2010) 13 + Percent (2010) 36 Million Immigrants Total: 12% of U.S. Population

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. Children of Immigrants: One in Five Children of Immigrants Born in U.S. Foreign-Born Sources: Urban Institute Tabulations from 2005 CPS, March Demographic and Economic Supplement; 1970, 1980, 1990, and 2000 Census Integrated Public Use Microdata Samples (IPUMS). Note: Children of Immigrants have at least one parent born outside the United States. Immigrants exclude individuals born in Puerto Rico. Share of U.S. Children under Age 18

2/3 of Immigrants Lived in 6 States, /3 of Immigrants Lived in 6 States, 2000 Immigration Categories 6 Main Destination States (67% of Immigrants in 2000)

But Top 10 States with Fastest Growing F.B. Pops. Are Different But Top 10 States with Fastest Growing F.B. Pops. Are Different Immigration Categories 6 Main Destination States (67% of Immigrants in 2000) Top 10 Growth States ( %)

22 States Grew Faster than “Big 6” from 1990 to States Grew Faster than “Big 6” from 1990 to 2000 Immigration Categories 22 New Growth States ( > 91%) 6 Main Destination States (67% of Immigrants in 2000) Top 10 Growth States ( %)

Southeast Had 7 of 10 Fastest Growing F.B. Populations, Southeast Had 7 of 10 Fastest Growing F.B. Populations, Percent Growth in Foreign-Born Population, THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. US Avg. 16% SOURCE: Migration Policy Institute Data Hub

But These Fast Growing States Had Low F.B. Population Shares in 2005 But These Fast Growing States Had Low F.B. Population Shares in 2005 Percent Growth in Foreign-Born Population, THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. US Avg. 12% SOURCE: Migration Policy Institute Data Hub

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C Million Foreign-Born (2005 U.S. American Community Survey) Mexico 11 million (31%) Europe, Oceania, and North America 5.9 million (17%) Africa & West Indies 2.8 million (8%) Other Latin America and Spanish Speaking Caribbean 6.5 million (18%) Asia 9.5 million (27%) U.S.: Half of Immigrants from Latin America (31% Mexico), 1/4 from Asia

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. 37 Million Foreign-Born in 2005 (Passel 2006) Legal permanent residents (LPR) (10.5 million) 28% Legal temporary residents (1.3 million) 3% Naturalized citizens (11.5 million) 31% Refugees (2.6 million) 7% Unauthorized immigrants (11.1 million) 30% 3 in 10 U.S. Immigrants Are Unauthorized

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. But Most Children of Immigrants Are U.S. Born Citizens (March 2005 Current Population Survey, Imputed) 73.9 Million Children in 2005

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. 1+ Non-Citizen Adults and 1+ Citizen Children 9.6 Million U.S. Children 13% of all U.S. Children 60% of Kids in Immigrant Families 84% of Kids in Non-Citizen Families In Legal Immigrant (LPR) Families -- 86% of Kids are Citizens!! Mixed Status Families (March 2005 Current Population Survey, Imputed)

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. Young Children of Immigrants (0-5) Most Likely to be U.S. Citizens (March 2004 Current Population Survey)

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. Children of Immigrants Increasingly Poor Children of immigrants White, not Hispanic children* Percent of K-12 Students in Families Below 100% of Poverty African-American children* Source: Van Hook & Fix (2000); Urban Institute tabulations from C2SS PUMS. Excludes Puerto Ricans. * Includes children of both immigrants and natives.

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. Children of Immigrants Have High Levels of Economic Hardship (1999 National Survey of America’s Families)

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. 1/3 of Young Children of Immigrants (0-5) Linguistically Isolated (2000 Census, 5 percent PUMS)

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. (2002 National Survey of America’s Families) Benefits Use Low in Low-Income Working* Immigrant Families *Low-income working families are families with children, incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level, and adults who worked at least 1,000 hours on average in 2001.

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. SCHIP, Medicaid Changes, Outreach Improve Access Outreach:  Eligibility rules  Public charge, other immigration concerns More points of access in the community:  Hospitals, clinics, CBOs, e.g. Application assistance/pre-screening Simpler application procedures:  Less verification  Mail in, fax, internet applications  In-person interviews at offices not required (2001 Urban Institute study of Medicaid and SCHIP application process in 6 states)

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. Application Processing Call Center s Hos - pital s Health Clinics Health Fairs Schools Health Plans Mail Welfare/ Medicaid Offices CBO s (2001 Urban Institute study of Medicaid and SCHIP application process in 6 states) Medicaid/SCHIP points of access

THE URBAN INSTITUTE / Washington, D.C. New growth states (e.g., Southeast) have high undocumented shares; population more settled in major immigrant states. English proficiency levels also likely lower in new growth states. Bilingual capacity also lower in new growth states (but mostly Spanish required). More languages, diversity in major states. Fiscal capacity lower in most new growth states; higher in major states. Immigrants’ Kids’ Access to SCHIP May Vary across States

For more information, contact: Randy Capps Immigration Studies Program Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population Urban Institute 2100 M St., NW Washington, DC Randy Capps Immigration Studies Program Center on Labor, Human Services, and Population Urban Institute 2100 M St., NW Washington, DC (202)