PSM/RtI Getting in the Boat

PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL AND RESPONSIVENESS TO INSTRUCTION 2009 into the Future

Participation—National, State, and Local First sites in Iowa two decades ago National conferences abound with RtI themes & workshops NASP lists 17 websites for DPIs nationally; many more have sites through contracts with state universities At least 2/3 of the school systems in NC have been through training. All elementary schools have been trained and are implementing PSM/RtI as of 2008-09. Middle school model developed. Implementation starts this school year. Renorming at elementary school this school year.

OVERVIEW IMPORTANT CONCEPTS

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM SOLVING MODEL? Uses the problem solving process to define the problem and develop, implement, and evaluate interventions. Uses authentic assessment measures that closely align with skills required to be successful in school; e.g., curriculum based measurement( CBM) Uses Response to Intervention as the basis for decision making. Uses local and state norms to set goals and make decisions about entitlement.

Instructional Decision Making for Student Success Academic Systems Behavioral Systems Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based High Intensity Of longer duration Intensive, Individual Interventions Individual Students Assessment-based Intense, durable procedures 1-5% 1-5% 5-10% 5-10% Targeted Group Interventions Some students (at-risk) High efficiency Rapid response Targeted Group Interventions Some students (at-risk) High efficiency Rapid response Universal Interventions All students Preventive, proactive 80-90% 80-90% Universal Interventions All settings, all students Preventive, proactive

PROBLEM-SOLVING MODEL ACTION TEAM Tier IV Consultation with parents, team members, and teachers for IEP consideration. Amount of Resources Needed to Solve Concerns Tier III Consultation with extended problem-solving team Tier II Consultation with Other resources Tier I Consultation between teacher and parent The focus is on changing the environment to meet the student’s needs. The intervention plan is data based, relies on direct instruction, and has a progress-monitoring component. Intensity of Problem

AMOUNT OF RESOURCES REQUIRED TO MEET THE STUDENT’S NEEDS Tier IV IEP Consideration Tier III Student Study Team Intensive Interventions 1-7% Strategic Interventions 5-15% Core Curriculum 80-90% Tier II AMOUNT OF RESOURCES REQUIRED TO MEET THE STUDENT’S NEEDS Consultation With Other Resources Tier I Consultation Between Teachers - Parents INTENSITY OF NEEDS Needs - circles - pub

What Do We Assess in PSM/RtI ICE then L Instruction, Curriculum, Environment (School and Home) THEN Learner

Areas of Assessment--ICEL INSTRUCTION is defined as delivery of the curriculum whether academic of affective including, but not limited to: Describe the extent to which instruction is differentiated for all students Level of Instruction (grade level skills? higher? lower?) Rate of Instruction (pacing) Presentation (auditory, visual, tactile, and/or kinesthetic or types of tools used such as blackboard, whiteboard, overhead, PowerPoint, Centers, collaborative, etc.) Teacher/Student Ratio (may include Teacher Assistant. Use of small group, or one-to-one for specific issues) Instructional Transitions (class schedule, methods teachers use for transitions, etc.)

Areas of Assessment--ICEL CURRICULUM is defined by what is taught including, but not limited to: Content (skills and behaviors being taught) Instructional Materials Used (adopted texts, supplementary texts, types of assignments such as worksheets, hands on projects, Progress/Monitoring/Assessment (K-2 assessments, running records, portfolios, probes, benchmarking such as ClassScapes, etc

Areas of Assessment--ICEL Environmental Factors may involve school, home, and community including, but not limited to: Instructional style Class size Physical arrangement of classroom Medical Factors Counseling of other community services Transience Attendance/Tardiness ELL Issues Cultural Issues Socioeconomic issues

Consider ICE, Then L Focusing only on the child, as in the traditional methods, leads to missing extremely important factors so we look at learner issues last. LEARNER Hearing and Vision Social/Behavioral Skills Understanding of Instruction Internally/Externally Motivated Ability to engage in and remain on task Organizational Skills

TYPES OF ASSESSMENTS RIOT REVIEW available data including academic, behavioral, and discipline records; work samples; curriculum materials; and information from community resources INTERVIEW teachers, parents, student, and others OBSERVE classroom instruction, classroom behavior systems and discipline, student’s academics and behavior in the context of the school environment TEST normed probes by grade level, back sampling and survey level in areas of weakness, behavioral counts and time sampling

Problem Solving Model The Process

Tiers for Providing Support to the Student All of the previously described steps are used at each Tier: Tier I Teacher and Parent Tier II Consultation with Other Resources such as Additional Personnel and Community Resources, if applicable Tier III Student Support Team Tier IV Entitlement for Special Education Services

TIER I

Tier I Teachers schedule meeting with the parents or guardians and complete a summary of the cumulative record A PEP/Request for Intervention Assistance using the Problem Solving Process is completed in the meeting. Data is used that is readily available. Teacher and parent design an intervention plan. A meeting is set to review and analyze the results of the interventions. If needed determinations are made regarding the next steps. NOTE: Case Colleagues/Managers are available to meet with teacher and parent if needed

Tier I Forms PSM Tier Ia: Request for Intervention Assistance/PEP and Data from Teacher and Records PSM Tier Ib Review of Intervention Effectiveness including data collected on the targeted skills

CASE STUDY Grade 2 Male Age 7 Creative ideas in writing and answering comprehension questions Strong verbal skills Completes Math Homework Good recall of facts

CASE STUDY TIER I: TEACHER(S) INVITE PARENT/GUARDIAN TO MEET WITH THEM DEFINE THE PROBLEM: Consider observations, work products, classroom assessments Review Information from Parent DEVELOP AN ASSESSMENT PLAN: Typically current available data (Dibels, ClassScapes, etc.)

CASE STUDY TIER I: DEVELOP AN INTERVENTION PLAN: What is the plan to work with the problem in the classroom? COLLECT DATA DURING THE COURSE OF INTERVENTION: Continue collecting Dibels data Use formative assessment ANALYZE THE RESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENT: Look again at the most current data such as Dibels and ClassScapes. Has there been sufficient improvement?

TIER II

Tier II The Tier One paperwork is given to the case colleague and a meeting is scheduled with the grade level team, teacher, parent, and case colleague using the Invitation to Conference. Depending on the issues involved other staff such as the counselor, social worker, reading specialist, etc. may be involved. The Problem Solving process is followed to further define the problem and develop interventions. At the second meeting, results of the intervention are reviewed and a determination is made on next steps, if needed.

TIER II FORMS Intervention Plan Problem Solving Model Tier IIa and IIb

CASE STUDY TIER II: DEFINE THE PROBLEM: Redefine the problem. Look for root causes DEVELOP AN ASSESSMENT PLAN Use Dibels and/or ClassScapes Administer running record pre- and post- intervention May consider use of normed probes

CASE STUDY TIER II: ANALYZE THE RESULTS OF THE ASSESSMENT What do the results tell you about the students skills?

CASE STUDY TIER II: DEVELOP AN INTERVENTION PLAN Who—Specify interventionist by position What—Specify the research based strategies to be used in working with the student How often—Specify number of minutes per session and number of sessions per week for each interventionist if there are more than one.

CASE STUDY TIER II: ANALYZE RESULTS OF INTERVENTION PLAN Review pre- and post-testing or progress monitoring data. Is the student progressing toward the goal? If not, do the interventions need to change. If they need to change: Can the change be made at Tier II or Does the case need to proceed to Tier III

Review of Big Concepts What does ICEL stand for? Why ICE then L? RIOT? How does this change our focus from the traditional model? Identify the components of the PSM Cycle. What are the Baseline, Goal, and Aimline? Why do we build skills from the lowest level skill to the highest level skill, especially in reading?

RESOURCES www.interventioncentral.org (Academic and Behavioral) www.fcrr.org https://dibels.uoregon.edu/measures/index.php (Benchmarking and Progress Monitoring Assessments K – 6; Resources for Reading Interventions) http://ies.ed.gov/ncee/wwc/ (What Works Clearing House) www.pbis.org (Behavior) www.disciplinehelp.com (Behavior) www.smbsd.org/page.cfm?p=1445 (Santa Maria Bonita School District (Academics) http://www.cajon.k12.ca.us/educational_services/resources/teacher_resources.shtml (Academics)