History of Canada’s Past Population Description of Canada’s Current/Future Population Definitions of concepts Lecture Overview

Why learn about the history of racialized groups? –Stephan & Stephan 02 –Cultural Circles Exercise Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture? Description of Canada’s Past

Stereotypes of them –As inferior, incapable Practices toward them –Indian Act & other practices engaged in Forcible assimilation, Segregation (prohibited from leaving reserves w/out a pass, prohibited from land ownership) Cultural suppression (prevented from celebrating ceremonial events, determined who was an Indian) Sent children residential schools run by missionaries No right to vote Aboriginals Ontario human rights doc

Slavery Practices Segregation –From Schools, churches, restaurants, hospitals, public transport –Residentially: via deeds, leases –Restricted to menial, low-paying, exhausting labour African Canadians Ontario human rights doc

Recruited labour from China, subject to poor working conditions Were seen as threat after completing contract work, Limits on Chinese immigration Head tax imposition No voting rights Limited ability to –own property, run business, enter certain professions & employ people Chinese Canadians Ontario human rights doc

Japanese Canadians Sent to relocation/detention camps Stripped of property, businesses & savings After war, asked to disperse/repatriate to Japan South Asian Canadians Laws controlled their economic & social mobility Immigration laws –Vancouver incident Other VM Canadians Ontario human rights doc

Prevented from immigration during Nazi persecution Legally prevented from –Staying in Hotel/resorts –Owning, living, buying property, being sold property to Jewish Canadians Ontario human rights doc

Followers of islam are currently stereotyped, racially profiled, and subjected to hostile acts Muslims are viewed as a greater security threat on an institutional, systemic and societal level Muslim Canadians Ontario human rights doc

History of Canada’s Past Population Description of Canada’s Population in 2006 vs 2031 Implications of Canada’s Future Population Some definitions Review and next…

Past vs. Future of Foreigners in Canadian Population 03/9/2010 Canada Census Report Type of Demographic Foreign Born20%25-28 (55% Asian) –Why –Immigration –Higher fertility of VM –Younger age structure of VM

By Foreign Born For… –Recruitment –Community Services Of Certification processes Adaptation Services –Service Industries Implications of Forecasts of Foreign Born

Past vs. Future of Visible Minorities in Canadian Population * Visible Minorities= non-whites, non Aboriginals Type of Demographic Visible Minorities * (non White, Non-Aboriginal)* 16%29-32% South Asian25%28% Chinese24%21 –Why –Higher fertility of VM (also S. Asian) –Younger age structure of VM –32.5 (VM) vs. 40

Location Visible Minorities by Metropolitan Areas * Visible Minorities= non-whites, non Aboriginals City2031 Toronto63 Vancouver59 Montreal31

For… –Recruitment –Community Services –Service Industries Implications of Forecasts of VM, VM by Metropolitan Area

Past vs. Future of Religious Persuasion Canadian Population Type of Demographic Muslim3550 Christian7565 Atheist1721 –Implications –Organizational Practices for religious Accommodation

Description of Canada’s Past Population Description of Canada’s Current & Future Population Definitions of concepts –Race –Discrimination –Stereotyping –Prejudice Review and what’s next

An old classification system based on –Skin colour –Bodily features Accent/speech Name Clothing/grooming Diet Beliefs/practices Leisure preferences Place of origin Citizenship What is Race

Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system –Differences within races on important characteristics are greater than those between races Social belief in existence of race has persisted despite lack of scientific proof Problems with concept of Race

Difference between race &…. –Gender –Discrimination, prejudice, stereotyping –Other cultural characteristics (e.g., individualism) Use test of amt of differences between vs. within groups What is not Race?

Discrimination –When similar or better qualified applicant… Does not get job applied for Gets job below qualification Receives lower pay for same job What is discrimination? Krauss in NYT

Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02) Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on group membership impairing human rights (Human rights doc) –Impose burdens not imposed on others –Withhold or limit access to benefits available to others What is discrimination?

Individual –E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings for members of different groups all else being equal Institutional –Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage members of some groups –Unequal representation in upper & middle layers of administration, economic & media institutions Examples of Discrimination Compare with Brief et al

Societal –Group differences in Poverty Imprisonment Access to employment, housing, healthcare Examples of Discrimination

Stereotype Prejudice Discrimination Stephan & Stephan 02

Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics –E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e. have similar traits) E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have similar eye size” Can be positive or negative Can be true/false of group &/ individual Implications for functionality What are stereotypes Stephan & Stephan 02

Confusing one member of group for another –Believing them to be similar in personality or behavior E.g., editors vs. journalists Assuming characteristics of individual based on group membership –E.g., assuming your are nanny because you are Filipino, –E.g. Assuming non-Whites are not Canadian citizens or were not born in canada Examples of Stereotypes Wong’s Globe & Mail

Prejudice –Negative feelings (e.g., dislike) toward someone because of group they belong to Discrimination –Behavior/outcome What are not stereotypes? Wong in Globe & Mail; Krauss in NYT

Culturally valid characteristics –e.g., collectivism Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism, Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian on collectivism Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured Scores on collectivism are related to important other characteristics What are not stereotypes

Negative attitudes Negative evaluations & feelings E.g., Evaluations: They are bad… Feelings: I hate.. Stephan & Stephan 02 –Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power Sociologically based What is racism/prejudice?

Negative Associations Negative Feelings Positive Associations Stereotypes Negative Thoughts Prejudice

A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada What will be the nature of Canada’s population? Compare & contrast the concepts of –Race –Stereotyping –Prejudice –Discrimination Today’s learning