Content Standard 11- Animal Characteristics- Invertebrates Biology AHSGE Content Standard 11- Animal Characteristics- Invertebrates

Standard 11- Animal Characteristics CONTENT STANDARD 11. Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure, method of fertilization and reproduction, body symmetry, body coverings, and locomotion. ELIGIBLE CONTENT A. Compare invertebrates and vertebrates. B. Compare endoskeletons and exoskeletons. C. Compare internal and external fertilization. D. Compare sexual and asexual reproduction. E. Compare bilateral and radial symmetry. F. Classify animals according to type of skeletal structure. G. Classify animals according to method of fertilization and reproduction. H. Classify animals according to type of body symmetry. I. Classify animals according to type of body coverings. J. Classify animals according to type of locomotion. K. Classify animals according to multiple physical characteristics.

The Animal Kingdom Multicellular with true tissues Specialized eukaryotic cells Muscular/nervous systems unique to animals Have their own means of locomotion Consumers- ingest food 1,326,239 classified species 9,812,298 total species

Invertebrate vs. Vertebrate Invertebrates- Animals lacking a backbone Phylum Porifera Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata Phylum Nematoda Phylum Platyhelminthes Phylum Annelida Phylum Mollusca Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Arthropoda Vertebrates- Animals with a true backbone Phylum Chordata Classes Agnatha, Osteichthyes, and Chondrichthyes Class Amphibia Class Reptilia Class Aves Class Mammalia

PHYLUM PORIFERA Sponges Asymmetrical- no symmetry Covered with tiny openings, or pores, called ostia Larger openings are called oscula Sponges are sessile Bodies completely lack symmetry Skeleton made of spicules (endoskeleton) Asexual reproduction (budding);Internal fertilization (sexual)

Phylum Porifera

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata This phylum includes: Jellyfish Hydra Coral (Calcium carbonate exoskeleton) Characteristics: Radial symmetry Medusa- Free-floating, umbrella-shaped body (Lack skeleton) Polyp- Sessile, tube-like body Tentacles- Arm-like projections covered in stinging cells (cnidocytes/nematocysts) Asexual rep. (budding);External fertilization (Sexual)

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata Hydra (Top) Jellyfish (Bottom)

Phylum Cnidaria/Coelenterata Coral

Phylum Platyhelmithes Flatworms Liver Flukes, Planaria and tapeworms Marine flatworms Characteristics: Ribbon-like bodies Bilateral symmetry Branched digestive system No skeleton Asexual (fission); Hermaphrodites (sexual) Free movement Skin breathing

Phylum Platyhelmithes Tapeworm Planaria

Phylum Platyhelminthes Liver fluke

Phylum Platyhelminthes Marine flatworm

Phylum Nematoda Roundworms Ascaris, Trichinella and hookworms Characteristics: Flattened bodies Bilateral symmetry Many are parasites Fluid-filled body cavity called a pseudocoelem Digestive tube No skeleton Sexual reproduction (Internal fertilization) Free movement Skin breathinig

Phylum Nematoda Ascaris Trichinella

Trichinosis Trichinella spiralis is found in pork Trichinosis is a disease caused by the Trichinella worm. Eggs hatch in the host’s gut Symptoms: Diarrhea Fever Muscle pain Death

Hookworms Hookworms attach to the inside of the digestive tract Often found in pets Hookworms

Phylum Annelida Segmented worms Crop and gizzard digestion Bilateral symmetry Internal fertilization (sexual) Hydrostatic endoskeleton Muscular movement Skin breathing Leeches Used to be used in medicine to clean blood Earthworms Benefits: Aerate the soil Provide nutrients to the soil

Phylum Annelida Earthworm Leech

Phylum Annelida Marine segmented worm

Phylum Echinodermata Marine animals Radial symmetry Endoskeleton of ossicles Water-vascular system for movement Spicules- spike-like projections Tube feet- suction cups External fertilization (sexual)

Phylum Echinodermata Types of Echinoderms: Sand dollars Sea urchins Sea cucumbers Sea stars (starfish)

Phylum Echinodermata Sea Urchin Sea star (starfish)

Phylum Echinodermata Sand dollar Sea cucumber

Phylum Mollusca Soft-bodied animals Bilateral symmetry Visceral mass- Central mass containing organs Mantle- Outer layer of the body No skeleton Radula- Tongue-like organ Foot (Pseudopodium)- Used for locomotion Many have a shell to protect the soft body Univalve- One-part shell Bivalve- Two-part shell Sexual (external and internal fertilization)

Phylum Mollusca Types of Molluscs Oysters Clams Mussells Snails Octopus Squid

Phylum Mollusca Oysters Clams

Mussells Phylum Mollusca

Phylum Mollusca Snail Octopus Ink- chemical defense

Phylum Mollusca Squid

Phylum Arthropoda Animals with: Exoskeleton Bilateral symmetry Jointed legs- Bendable Compound eyes- Many lenses Molting- shedding exoskeleton to grow Malpighian tubules: function much like kidneys/silk Segmented bodies Head Thorax Abdomen Cephalothorax- fused head and thorax External and internal fertilization

Phylum Arthropoda Class Crustacea- Five pairs of legs Class Insecta- Three pairs of legs Class Arachnida- Four pairs of legs Class Chilopoda- One pair of legs per segment Class Diploda- Two pair of legs per segment

Class Crustacea Barnacle Alaskan King Crab

Class Crustacea Lobster Shrimp

Class Crustacea Crawfish Crayfish

Class Insecta Ant Cricket

Class Insecta Grasshopper Societal insects(Hierarchy): Ants, bees, wasps, hornets, and termites Division of labor Castes- Roles played by individuals

Class Insecta Left- Fly Right- Hornet

Metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis- Adult lays eggs, eggs hatch into a larvae, larvae develops into a pupa and surrounds itself with a chrysalis/cocoon and emerges as an adult Incomplete metamorphosis- Eggs hatch into a nymph and grow into an adult.

Class Arachnida Black widow House spider

Class Arachnida Brown recluse Brown recluse bite

Class Arachnida Scorpion

Class Chilopoda Centipede

Class Diploda Millipede