Allan Miller Director Electric Power Engineering Centre (EPECentre) Introduction to: Renewable Energy and the Smart Grid GREEN Grid 1

Contents Background and overview of the project Project Team Electric Vehicle Research – Scott Lemon 2

Background 2012 MSI (now MBIE) Investment Round Energy and Minerals RFP (14 December 2011), Targeted Research Questions: 4. What are the supply variability characteristics of current and potentially applicable renewable resources across all energy markets, what are the challenges they present for efficient and secure energy supply and how can new technologies and practices for managing variability help? 5. What economic and technical models can be utilised to evaluate the potential impact of renewable energy feeding into our distribution networks? 6. What mechanisms can be used to investigate the performance of low voltage networks, subject to bi-directional power flows as a result of the input of renewable energy? Co-funding is expected 3

Background… Our proposal addressed these research questions in two parts: Part 1 Managing supply variability of renewable energy in the network (addresses Question 4) Part 2 Cost-effective, functional and safe distribution network (addresses Questions 5 & 6) 4

Overview of the Project 5

Overview of the Project… Essence of Part 1: Perhaps supply variability can be managed through demand variability I.e. continuously and actively adjust demand to somewhat match variable supply (perhaps through a new ancillary service, or a combined ancillary service) Demand side management (short term and long term) Consumers may have loads, existing and new, that are suitable to control at certain times Fridges, heat pumps, heated towel rails, lighting, electric vehicles (water heating) Individually these are not a significant load Collectively they may make up a significant load Enable the demand side to participate more actively in the electricity market 6

Overview… Questions arising from part one: What are the characteristics of renewable energy generation variability How much load is likely to be controllable within a home and collectively (i.e. size of controllable loads and their diversity)? What is in it for the consumer (i.e. is it economic for them)? What are the trends re. uptake of new technologies (EVs, PV, home automation)? What are the attitudes of the consumer to demand side management? How might demand be aggregated and, in particular, used by the System Operator to manage renewable energy generation variability 7

Overview… Part 1 Projects that fulfill the essence and answer these questions: 1.1 Identification and management of supply variability of renewable resources 1.2 Identification and management of household demand variability 1.3 Balancing variable supply with demand side management 8

Overview… Essence of Part 2: Modelling methods for the following: The economics of distributed generation – fewer large schemes or many small (roof- top) schemes? Technical and economic implications of distributed generation Technical issues associated with residential photovoltaic generation The effect of new loads and distributed generation on power quality in the low voltage network Focus on getting the right models, to be able to update results as technology and the market change 9

Overview… Target studies that address Part 2: 2.1 Technical and economic study of large scale distributed renewable generation connected to the medium voltage distribution network 2.2 Technical and economic impacts of different scales of photovoltaic deployment and wind generation on the low voltage network 2.3 Smart methods and guidelines for protection and automation in the low voltage network experiencing bidirectional flows 2.4 Customer service level and low voltage network power quality 10

Current and future profiles Demand management Practices, systems, value DM control TP’s system Home networks Trials of new technology Electric vehicles Home networks, smart appliances DM resource 90% target by 2025 Understand and model Balancing renewable resources (to smooth supply variability) Transmission loss implications New / combined ancillary service? Overview… Variability of Renewables Business & Household Demand 11 Large Scale (MV) Economics Technical Power flow EV implication Guidelines for distribution companies on technical & economic analysis Distributed Renewable Generation Cyber Security Instrumented LV network Combine interruptible load, frequency keeping, demand response? Small Scale (LV) Protection Safety Voltage control Field trials New ancillary service markets Guidelines, standards, policy PV injection (new metering) LV network monitoring Use of ICT infrastructure Electric Vehicles Ancillary services

12 Large scale Geographical and temporal variation Storage Geographical and temporal uptake of new technology (EVs, PVs, DM, and home- automation) Technology in transmission and distribution, power quality, safety

13

GREEN Grid Project Structure 14

GREEN Grid Project Structure 15 EPECentre / ECE (University of Canterbury) University of Auckland PSG University of Otago CSAFE Industry Advisory Panel Direct Co-funders Transpower, EEA Supporters EA, Vector, Orion, Unison, WEL Client, MBIE UC Project Board

Dr Allan Miller, EPECentre Director and Director of GREEN Grid Dr Alan Wood, Senior Lecturer, ECE, University of Canterbury, Leader of Part One, Co- Leader of Part Two Dr Nirmal Nair, Senior Lecturer, PSG, University of Auckland, Co-Leader of Part Two Dr Rebecca Ford, Post Doctoral Fellow, CSAFE, University of Otago, Leader of 1.2 Dr Janet Stephenson, Director of CSAFE, University of Otago GREEN Grid Core Project Team 16

Project Team Responsibilities 17 Managing supply variability of renewable energy in the network 1.1 Identification and management of supply variability of renewable resourcesEPECentre 1.2 Identification and management of household demand variabilityCSAFE (Otago) 1.3 Balancing variable supply with demand side managementEPECentre Cost-effective, functional and safe distribution network 2.1 Technical and economic study of large scale distributed renewable generation connected to the medium voltage distribution network EPECentre 2.2 Technical and economic impacts of different scales of photovoltaic deployment and wind generation on the low voltage network PSG (Auckland) 2.3 Smart methods and guidelines for protection and automation in the low voltage network experiencing bidirectional flows PSG (Auckland) 2.4 Customer service level and low voltage network power qualityEPECentre

Industry Advisory Panel 18

Industry Advisory Panel Representation Electricity Engineers Association Distribution System Operator Regulator General Energy Market Consumer Appliances (& Home Automation) Transmission Asset Owner Renewable Generation Retail Consumer 19

Industry Advisory Panel… Oversee the research being undertaken by the GREEN Grid project Within the MBIE agreed scope Ensure it is independent Relevant to and targeted at industry needs Respects academic freedom of the researchers Assist in transferring the findings of the research to industry Adoption of ideas / findings / research output Promotion of ideas / findings / research output Support research findings for adoption into standards / policy (where relevant) Assist researchers – industry specific knowledge & data Intellectual property team meetings 20

Project Board Governance of the project Disciplined reporting on project schedule, resourcing, and budget Provides necessary decisions for project to proceed 21

22