Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun

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Presentation transcript:

Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun CARBOHYDRATES Graham, Jack, Richard, Tony, WIngshun

Functions Main purposes: energy, storage, structure provides energy  50-80% of energy used by body is drawn from carbs energy not immediately used and stored as glycogen (a polysaccharide carb) for future use helps oxidise fat  w/o carbs, body can’t get energy from fat, which provides double the amount of energy spares protein from being used for energy, so it can be used to build/repair tissues aids digestion helps make up cell & tissue structures source of carbon for synthesis of other compounds

Monomer MONOSACCHARIDE The smallest unit that makes up a carbohydrate is a MONOSACCHARIDE Monos = single Sacchar = sugar

Empirical formula of carbohydrate is Cm(H20)n

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides & Polysaccharides Monosaccharides: carbohydrates with a small # of carbon atoms (3-7) Aka simple sugars ex. fructose & glucose

Disaccharides: made of 2 monosaccharides joined together with a glycosidic linkage Ex. maltose  formed from 2 glucoses sucrose  formed from a glucose & fructose Glycosidic linkage: covalent bond between 2 simple sugars from a dehydration reaction Polysaccharides: made of many monosaccharides chained together (so they’re polymers) Ex. starch & glycogen

Starch is a storage polysaccharide made of glucose in plants is stored energy from which glucose can be withdrawn by hydrolysis to be used as a nutrient stored by plants in plastids bond angles make it helical shaped

Glycogen glycogen is the storage polysaccharide of glucose in animals Stored mostly in liver & muscles) extensively branched\ when animals need sugar, glycogen undergoes hydrolysis to release glucose

Cellulose cellulose is an indigestible (for most organisms) type of polysaccharide makes up the structure of plant cell walls different glycosidic linkages in starch & cellulose makes the shape of the molecules slightly different straight and not branched

Works Cited Ashiya. "5 Most Essential Functions of Carbohydrates." Preserve Articles. PreserveArticles.com, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. <http://www.preservearticles.com/201105146671/5-most-essential-functions-of- carbohydrates.html>. Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece. "The Structure and Function of Macromolecules." Biology. Sixth ed. N.p.: Benjamin Cummings, 2002. 64-68. Print. "Carbohydrates." SparkNotes. SparkNotes LLC, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. <http://www.sparknotes.com/health/carbohydrates/section1.rhtml>. Tom. "Carbohydrates !" AP Biology 2007 (Period 1&2). Blogger, 12 Nov. 2007. Web. 26 Sept. 2012. <http://apbio12007.blogspot.ca/2007/11/carbohydrates.html>.

Images http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Starchy-foods..jpg http://www.everydiet.org/995/types-of-carbohydrates http://www.understanding-horse-nutrition.com/carbohydrates.html http://www2.ustboniface.ca/cusb/abernier/Biologie/Chimie/structure fonctionmacromol.htm http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol115/wyatt/biochem/carbos.htm http://www.edinformatics.com/interactive_molecules/a_b_glucose_d ifferences.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Glykogen.svg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cellulose_Sessel.svg