Matter and Change

What is Matter? Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

Physical Properties A property that can be observed and measured without changing the substance.

What are some physical properties? Examples: luster malleability: the ability to be hammered into a thin sheet ductility: the ability to be stretched into a wire melting point boiling point density solubility specific heat

Physical Changes A change in a substance that does not change the identity of the substance

Physical Changes

Some physical changes would be boiling of a liquid melting of a solid dissolving a solid in a liquid to give a homogeneous mixture — a SOLUTION.

States of Matter Substance Shape Volume Particle Movement Solid Definite Fixed particles (Vibrate) Liquid Indefinite Definite Free to move pass each other Gas Indefinite Movement is faster & far apart

Chemical Properties Chemical Properties- a property that can only be observed by changing the type of substance.

Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction Transformation of one or more substances into a different substance with different properties. You can not get the original substance back

Likely Signs of a Chemical Change Heat produced Light produced Production of a gas Color change Odor Formation of a precipitate – a solid formed by mixing two liquids together

Chemical Change or Chemical Reaction Examples of a chemical change: Iron rusts or oxidizes Hydrochloric acid reacts with potassium hydroxide Neutralization of acid with a base Grass growing in a lawn (Photosynthesis) Electrolysis of water Hydrolysis of water

Physical vs Chemical Physical Change Verbs Chemical Change Verbs Digest Cook/bake/fry Rust/corrode Oxidize/reduce Rot/spoil Decompose/decay Not easily reversed Energy absorbed or released. Burn/combust/ignite Electrolysis or Hydrolysis melt/boil/evaporate Dissolve Chop/grind/tear Easily reversed. Does not absorb or release energy. Does NOT lose its identity (still there) Color(paint)/bend/twist

Learning Check Physical or Chemical Property? melting point flammable density magnetic tarnishes in air solubility

Exit ticket Physical or Chemical Change? 1. Potassium chlorate decomposing 2. dissolving in water 3. burning a log 4. water evaporating 5. grinding spices 6. formation of a precipitate 7. Boiling water Chemical Physical

Day 2

Classification of Properties Extensive properties Depend upon the amount of matter present Ex: mass, volume, heat energy, length Classification of Properties

Classification of Properties Intensive properties Do not depend upon the amount of matter present, and remains constant Ex: density, boiling, freezing, melting points, conductivity, solubility, magnetism Classification of Properties

Mixtures and Pure Substances Day 2

Can it be chemically decomposed? Matter Flowchart Compound PURE SUBSTANCE Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Element 20

Metalloids Nonmetals Metals

One type of Pure Substance Elements- simplest kind of matter All one kind of atom 110 named elements H, O, Cu, Fe, He, Ne Based on this definition is H2 an element?

The other type of Pure Substance Compounds are substances that can be broken down by a chemical change Atoms of two or more different elements that have been combined in a fixed proportion. H2O, NaCl, CaCO3,

Element or Compound Sucrose- Copper- Hydrochloric acid- Copper(II) chloride- Oxygen- Potassium- C6H12O6 Compound Cu Element HCl Compound Element or Compound CuCl2 Compound O2 Element K Element

Is the composition uniform? Matter Flowchart MIXTURE Is the composition uniform? no yes Heterogeneous Mixture Homogeneous Mixture (solution) 25

Mixtures Made up of two or more substances. Heterogeneous- mixture is not uniform in composition Hetero means different

Mixtures Homogeneous- same composition throughout. Solution – a homogenous mixture with particles so small they cannot be seen with a microscope and will never settle to the bottom of their container Example: Vinegar, cola, apple juice

Alloys Alloy- homogeneous mixture composed of 2 or more metal elements Examples Steel – Fe , C, Cr, Ni Brass – Cu & Zn 14K, 10K, 18K Gold Alloys

Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Milk- Sugar water- Trail mix- Salt water solution- Steel- Homogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous or Heterogeneous Heterogeneous Homogeneous Homogeneous

Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous Titanium- Copper(II) sulfate- Cheeseburger- Calcium chloride - Lithium nitrate solution- Calcium- Acetone-(nail polish Remover)- Brass- Element Compound Hetero Mixture Compound Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous Homo Mixture Element Homo mixture Homo mixture-alloy

Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous Two different elements Element, Compound, Heterogeneous, or Homogeneous Coke and ketchup Homogeneous Mixture Hetero mixture Element- O2

Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? Can it be chemically decomposed? Is the composition uniform? 32

Can it be physically separated? Matter Flowchart MATTER yes no Can it be physically separated? MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE Is the composition uniform? no yes Can it be chemically decomposed? no yes Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

Separation Techniques Filtration-physical operation which is used for the separation of solids from fluids Separation Techniques

Distillation

Fractional Distillation the separation of a mixture into its component parts, or fractions, using their boiling point and heating them to different temperatures Fractional Distillation

techniques for the separation of mixtures techniques for the separation of mixtures. The various constituents of the mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to separate. Chromatography

Exit ticket

Exit Ticket Sodium bicarbonate- Kool-Aid- 10K gold- Helium gas- Sand, salt, and iron- Sand- Compound Homogeneous mixture Homo mixture- alloy Element Exit Ticket Hetero mixture Compound Four corners- Move to a different corner of the classroom and determine each type of matter.