PLANTS

A Seed Plant is… A vascular plant that produces seeds Vascular Tissue: forms a system of tiny tubes that transport water, food, and other minerals through the plant

Xylem… Is vascular tissue that carries water and minerals UPWARDS from the roots through the plant.

Phloem… Is vascular tissue that carries food throughout the plant (both UP and DOWN)

Roots are important… To anchor the plant in the ground To absorb water from the soil To store food for the plant

A taproot system… Consists of a long, thick main root and thin, branching roots that extend out of the taproot. For example, carrots and dandelions

A fibrous root system… Consists of several main roots that branch repeatedly to form a tangled mass of thin roots For example, grass

Stems are important… To provide the means by which food, water, and minerals are transported from the roots to the leaves (xylem and phloem) Hold leaves up to receive sunlight for photosynthesis

A herbaceous stem… Is soft and green Sunflowers, dandelions, grass, tomatoes, etc.

A woody stem… Is rigid and strong (contains wood…crushed xylem and phloem) Lilac trees, rose bushes, maple trees, etc.

Leaves are important… To capture the sun’s energy and produce food and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis

A simple leaf… Has a blade that is in one piece Maple leaf

Compound leaves Have a blade that is divided into a number of separate leaf-like parts Palm leaves, mountain ash leaves

Stomata… Are microscopic openings in the epidermis of a leaf that allow carbon dioxide to enter and water and oxygen to exit Open during the day, closed at night

Transpiration… Is the process in which water is lost through the stomata in a plant’s leaves

During Photosynthesis… Green plants use sunlight, chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar (food) and oxygen.

Flowers… Are structures that contain the reproductive organs

Sepal Leaf-like structures that protect the developing flower (bud)

Petal Colorful leaf-like structures that attract insects/animals with their colors and odors.

Stamen Male reproductive organ Thin stalk with small knobs on top

Filament Stalk-like part of the stamen

Anther Knob-like part of the stamen Produces pollen

Pistil Female reproductive organ found in the center of the flower

Stigma Sticky tip of the pistil that collects pollen

The stigma is sticky… So that it can collect and retain pollen from itself and other flowers

Style Slender tube that connects the stigma to the ovary

Ovary Contains eggs, which when fertilized become known as seeds

Pollination happens… 1. When a grain of pollen lands on the stigma 2. Pollen breaks open and a tube grows down the style to the ovary

Pollination… Is the process in which pollen is carried from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures.

Fertilization happens When a sperm cell emerges from the pollen tube and fertilizes the egg cell in the ovary.

3 Main Parts of a Seed: Young Plant (embryo) Stored Food: found in the seed leaves of the young plant Seed Coat: surrounds and protects the young plant

Seed Dispersal The process in which seeds are carried away from a plant Wind, animals (sticking to fur; eating fruit and disposing of seeds elsewhere), water

Annuals Plants that complete their life cycle within one growing season. (impatiens)

Biennials Plants that complete their life cycle within two growing seasons. (violets)

Perennials Plants that live for many years. (tulips)

Pollen… Is found within the male flower parts Holds the cells that later become sperm cells