Chapter 13 Notes: The Growth of Industry in America

Section 1: After the Civil War, the US changed from a farming nation to an industrial nation. Thousands of patents were issued during from 1860 to A patent is a government grant that allows the inventor to make use, and sell an invention for a certain time. Thomas Edison received 1,093 patents He invented the electric light bulb in 1879 He built an invention factory in Menlo Park, New Jersey.

Thomas Edison: The Greatest Inventor of All Time

The Light Bulb

The Phonograph (1877)

The Ediphone or Dictaphone

The Motion Picture Camera

Alexander Graham Bell Telephone (1876)

Alternate Current George Westinghouse

Alternate Current Westinghouse Lamp ad

The Airplane Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

Model T Automobile Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product! Henry Ford I want to pay my workers so that they can afford my product!

“Model T” Prices & Sales

U. S. Patents Granted 1790s  276 patents issued. 1990s  1,119,220 patents issued.

Section 1: Oil and Steel Oil industry began in 1840 it helped run machines, used for lighing lamps, and heating homes In the late 1850’s the Bessemer Process made making iron into steel easier. Steel was used for large buildings, bridges, and railroad tracks Oil and steel did cause pollution which damaged land, water, and air.

The Industrial leaders John D Rockefeller – Standard Oil Andrew Carnegie – US Steel

Power and Wealth In the late 1800’s many corporations were formed A corporation is a large company formed by a group of investors Andrew Carnegie was a leader in the steel industry. He owned all the companies who took part in the steel industry John D. Rockefeller was a leader in the oil industry he bought many oil well drilled by others He was worth more than $1 billion

% of Billionaires in 1900

Monopoly A monopoly is the complete control of an industry by one person or company. In the late 1880’s lawmakers made laws to prevent this: Railroads that traveled through several states had to set fair prices. Railroads had to make the prices they charged public. Large companies could not interfere with the business of smaller companies.

A modern day example of a monopoly

Working Conditions Working conditions were very difficult during the 1800’s. Most work days were 12 hours long poor working conditions made work hard and dangerous poor lighting little fresh air unsafe machines Many companies controlled entire towns

Conditions in the work place were very bad during this time period. It was common for Children to work long, hard, dangerous hours.

Working Conditions Workers often lived in company owned houses. Many new jobs were created for women such as secretaries and switchboard operators Labor unions were formed to help protect the rights of workers When the union was unhappy with the company they went on strike (refused to work). Three riots broke out during this time: The Haymarket Square Riot, the Pullman and Homestead Strike many people were injured and killed during these strikes