This is a license that gives an inventor the exclusive right to make, use, or sell an invention for a set period of time A patent

The invention of this in the late 1880s made oil even more valuable The automobile

He developed affordable, in-home lighting Thomas Edison

He developed a code of short and long electrical impulses that represented the letters of the alphabet and perfected the telegraph Samuel Morse

He invented the “talking telegraph” and set up the American Telephone & Telegraph Company in 1885. Alexander Graham Bell

The transcontinental railroad This was finished after 7 years on May 10, 1869 in Promontory Summit (now Utah) The transcontinental railroad

One new technology that improved the national railroad system Steel rails, standardized tracks, standardized signals, air brakes, telegraph system, national system of time zones

This term implies that business leaders built their fortunes by stealing from the public Robber Barons

This term implies that business leaders serve their nation in a positive way—creating jobs, establishing museums, etc. Captains of Industry

He formed the Standard Oil Company in 1870 John D. Rockefeller

Andrew Carnegie’s belief that people should make as much money as they can and then after they make it they should give it away “gospel of wealth”

This theory held that those who were most “fit” would success and become rich Social Darwinism

A market structure dominated by only a few large, profitable firms oligopoly

Complete control of a product or service monopoly

A loose association of businesses that make the same product cartel

He established a steel company in 1889 Andrew Carnegie

Vertical consolidation Gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all phases of a product’s development Vertical consolidation

The Sherman Antitrust Act Congress passed this law in 1890 that limited the amount of control a business could have over an industry by outlawing any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce The Sherman Antitrust Act

The Sherman Antitrust Act ended up being applied against these groups Labor unions

The economic and political philosophy that favors public instead of private control of property and income socialism

This national union organized all working men & women, skilled & unskilled, to pursue broad social reforms Knights of Labor

American Federation of Labor (AFL) This national union was founded by Samuel Gompers as a craft union to pursue “bread and butter” issues American Federation of Labor (AFL)

The process by which workers negotiate as a group with employers Collective bargaining

The nickname for the Industrial Workers of the World, a radical union of unskilled workers Wobblies

At this 1886 strike in Chicago, anarchists joined the protest and thus many Americans came to associate unions in general with violence and radicalism Haymarket

This is a negative term for workers called in by employers to replace strikers scabs

By June 1894 260,000 railway workers had joined this strike, which disrupted mail delivery, and was put down by 2,500 federal troops sent by President Cleveland Pullman Strike

This term was coined to describe the post-Reconstruction era and meant that a thin, glittering layer of prosperity covered the poverty & corruption of much of society The Gilded Age

This French phrase means a hands-off approach to the economy Laissez-Faire

This company gave cheap shares of valuable stock to Congress so that Congress would support more funding for railroad work Credit Mobilier

Under this system individuals offer candidates votes & support and are then rewarded with jobs & political favors Spoils system

This president was assassinated by a disgruntled office seeker James Garfield

Pendleton Civil Service Act President Chester Arthur passed this law which created a civil service commission to classify government jobs and reform civil service Pendleton Civil Service Act

The Interstate Commerce Commission was created to regulate this industry Railroads

Restrictive Covenants These were agreements among homeowners not to sell real estate to certain groups of people Restrictive Covenants

This group was totally banned from America after 1882 by nativist restrictions Chinese

These were low cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as possible tenements

This reporter published How the Other Half Lives to describe life in the slums and generate public support for reform Jacob Riis

She founded a settlement house in Chicago to help people find jobs, provide health care, child care, and education, etc. Jane Addams

This social science studies how people interact with one another in a society sociology