Instructional Objective: 1.Learn about organic and inorganic compounds 2.Learn the different types of hydrocarbons.

Organic chemistry  is the study of the properties of the compounds of carbon  Organic substances are obtained from living things.  Carbon atoms have four valence electrons that can join with the electrons from other atoms to form strong covalent bonds. Inorganic Chemistry  is the study of the properties of the compounds with out carbon  Inorganic substances are obtained from nonliving things.

 Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization  The smaller units, or monomers, join together to form polymers. A monomer would be the individual link A polymer is a macromolecule in which all of the molecules that repeats itself again and again.

Monomers in a polymer may be identical, or the monomers may be different.

 Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only C and H atoms.  include the alkenes, and aromatic hydrocarbons  are insoluble in water  burn in oxygen, carbon dioxide and water are produced.  obtained from fossil fuels--coal, petroleum, and natural gas

meth- 1 C hex- 6 C eth- 2 C hept- 7 C prop- 3 C oct- 8 C but- 4 C non- 9 C pent- 5 C dec- 10 C

name MolecularFormula StructuralFormula Methane CH 4 CH 4 Ethane C 2 H 6 CH 3 CH 3 Propane C 3 H 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Butane C 4 H 10 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 2 CH 3 Pentane C 5 H 12 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 CH 3 Hexane C 6 H 14 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 4 CH 3 Heptane C 7 H 16 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 Octane C 8 H 18 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 Nonane C 9 H 20 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 Decane C 10 H 22 CH 3 (CH 2 ) 8 CH 3

 are Organic Compounds  Composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen.  Proteins are made up of smaller units called AMINO ACIDS. (The Monomer Building Blocks of Protein. )  Are the construction materials for the body parts such as muscles, skin, and blood.  Our cells need proteins to make other proteins, such as enzymes.  Our bodies contain thousands of different proteins.  All these proteins are made from about 20 Different Amino Acids.  The Different shapes allow Proteins to perform many different roles in the Chemistry of Living Things.

 Two Amino Acids bond to form a DIPEPTIDE.  Two Amino Acids form a Covalent Bond, called a PEPTIDE BOND.  Amino Acids can Bond to Each Other one at a time, forming a long chain called a POLLYPEPTIDE.  Proteins are compose of one or more polypeptides. Some proteins are very large molecules, containing hundreds of Amino Acids.

 Enzymes work by a Physical Fit (Lock and Key) between the Enzyme Molecule and its SUBSTRATE, the Reactant being Catalyzed.  The Fit of Enzymes on a Substrate Weakens some chemical bonds, which reduces the Activation Energy for the Chemical Reaction to occur.  After the Reaction, the Enzyme is Released and is Unchanged, so it can be used many times. Catalysts  can Speed up some reactions by more than a billion fold. Ex: RNA or Protein molecules help control Chemical Reactions by acting as BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS.

 Lipids are Large, nonpolar Organic Molecules that DO NOT Dissolve in Water.  Lipids store Energy Efficiently.  They have Large Numbers of Carbon to Hydrogen Bonds, which store More Energy than Carbon to Oxygen Bonds common in other Organic Compounds.

 The Two Ends (HEAD AND TAIL) of a Fatty Acid molecule have different properties:  A. The Carboxyl End (HEAD) of the Fatty Acid Molecule is POLAR, and Attracted to Water Molecules. ( HYDROPHILIC, WHICH MEANS "WATER LOVING".)  B. The Hydrocarbon End (TAIL) of the Fatty Acid Molecule is Nonpolar, and tends Not To Interact with Water. (HYDROPHOBIC, OR "WATER FEARING". )

 Fatty Acids are Classified as either SATURATED OR UNSATURATED.  The classification depends on the proportion of Hydrogen Atoms to Carbon - Carbon Bonds in the molecule. ( The FEWER the Hydrogen Atoms the MORE Double Bonds there will be connecting the Carbons. )

UNSATURATED FAT. * FATS WITH DOUBLE BONDS  MOST UNSATURATED FATS ARE A LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE  ARE USUALLY REFERRED TO AS OILS.  FATS WITH MANY DOUBLE BONDS IS A POLYUNSATURATED FAT.

 the ability to do work or cause change.  Energy can occur in various forms.  one form of energy can be converted to another form.  Some forms of energy important to living things include CHEMICAL ENERGY, THERMAL ENERGY, ELECTRICAL ENERGY, AND MECHANICAL ENERGY.

 the Energy in a system that is available for work. For example, in a Cell, it is the Energy that is available to Fuel Cell Processes.  As Energy Flows through an organism, it may be converted from one form to another-  Ex:the Food you eat is changed by your body from the Chemical Energy found in Food into Thermal and Mechanical Energy, to be used by your body.

EXERGONIC REACTIONS. Chemical Reaction that involve a Net Release of Free Energy. Ex: Cellular respiration ENDERGONIC REACTIONS Reactions that involve a Net Absorption of Free energy Ex: Photosynthesis

 Chemical Reactions that help Transfer Energy in living things involve the TRANSFER OF ELECTRONS.  These Reactions in which E - are Transferred Between Atoms are known as OXIDATION- REDUCTION REACTIONS, OR REDOX REACTIONS. The Formation of Table Salt

 REDUCTION REACTION: a Reactant GAINS One or more E-, Becoming more NEGATIVE IN CHARGE.

 Contain Genetic or Heredity Information)  Nucleic Acids use a System of FOUR Compounds to store Heredity Information.  NUCLEOTIDES. Contain a PHOSPHATE GROUP, A FIVE-CARBON SUGAR, AND A RING SHAPED NITROGEN BASE. NUCLEOTIDES. 6. Each Nucleotide is made of THREE