Carbon: The Building Block of Organic Compounds 4/22/2017

All life as we know it is made up of organic compounds.

Today’s Lesson What does that word mean- “organic”??? What does that word mean- “compound”???

Atoms are the smallest unit that make up the chemical elements Atoms are the smallest unit that make up the chemical elements. Things that we can see and feel around us are made up of atoms.

Atoms can get lonely… A molecule is created when two or more atoms meet and chemically bond together. Examples: H2 (hydrogen), O2 (oxygen), O3 (ozone) A molecule can be called a compound if it has at least 2 different kinds of atoms that meet and chemically bond together. Examples: H2O (water), CO2 (carbon dioxide)

Single Atom Water Molecule Compound Glucose/Sugar Molecule Compound

Organic compounds always have carbon plus a few other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.

Remember CHON-P’s Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen - Phosphorous ‘ Sulfur

There are organic compounds that make up you There are organic compounds that make up you!- your hair, your skin, even your fingernails…

CO2 H2O C6H12O6 What do you know about… All are formulas All are compounds All contain elements All contain atoms Are any of these compounds organic? If so, how do you know?

In order for a compound to be organic… It must have carbon and at least one of the following elements: ~ Hydrogen - H ~ Oxygen - O ~ Phosphorous - P ~ Sulfur - S ~ Nitrogen - N There are exceptions – example: Carbon Dioxide contains carbon and oxygen, but is not considered to be organic.

FORMULA SORT Sulfur Dioxide - SO2 Amphetamine - C9H13N Using the list of formulas projected, create a T-Chart labeled Organic and Inorganic. Highlight or circle the element(s) that make it organic Sulfur Dioxide - SO2 Amphetamine - C9H13N Acetone - CH3COCH3 Ozone - O3 Hydrogen Peroxide - H2O2 Epinephrine - C9H13NO3 Formaldehyde - CH2O Nitric Acid - HNO3 Gold Oxide - Au2O3 Butane - C4H10

Why is carbon such a special element? http://periodictable.com/Elements/006/index.html

Virtually every part of our bodies is made with large amounts of this element.

Why is carbon such a special element? Each carbon atom can form strong, stable bonds with four other atoms at a time – these are usually oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus atoms. Carbon can also bond to other carbon atoms to form chains that are almost unlimited in length. This creates a huge number and variety of molecules that can be built from carbon atoms. No other element even comes close! http://periodictable.com/Elements/006/index.html 16

This can be difficult to imagine at first, but it may help to think about building with LEGOS.

Think of red LEGOS to represent atoms of carbon Think of red LEGOS to represent atoms of carbon. You can think of carbon as a bunch of red LEGOS attached together to form one long chain.

Now, you can stick yellow, blue and green LEGOS across the tops of the red (carbon) LEGOS. These other colors represent other elements like oxygen, nitrogen or hydrogen.

As you stick more and more of these yellow, blue and green LEGOS to the red chain, it would start to look like a skeleton of LEGOS with a "spine" of red LEGOS and "bones" of yellow, blue and green LEGOS. This is a lot like the way that big molecules are made in the body. Without carbon, these big molecules could not be built.

Virtually every part of your body is made up of these large molecules that are based around chains of carbon atoms.

Organic Building Blocks Hydrocarbons are the simplest of the organic compounds. As the name suggests, hydrocarbons are made from hydrogen and carbon. EXAMPLES: CH4

Organic Building Blocks The name, carbohydrates, is a good one because it indicates carbon and water (hydrogen and oxygen). Remember, dehydrated means loss of water, and to be hydrated means to add water.

Organic Building Blocks Lipids (oils and fats) are another class of organic compounds built from oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. It's amazing what these three elements can build!

Organic Building Blocks Amino acids are the building block for proteins. Proteins are made by connecting amino acids together.

Organic Building Blocks A few amino acids are built by carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. Mammals need about 20 amino acids to make the proteins they need. Only 2 of these are amino acids containing sulfur.

Organic Building Blocks We will end our organic building blocks with the ultimate of building block- DNA. We need just one more element to build it: phosphorus.

Organic Building Blocks Review Hydrocarbons= hydrogen + carbon Carbohydrates and Lipids = hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen Some Amino Acids and Proteins = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Nucleic Acids = hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus

Remember CHON-P’s Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen - Phosphorous ‘ Sulfur

Quick Question… What are the atoms that make up organic compounds? 5/13/2010 TISD Lesson

Remember CHON-P’s Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen - Phosphorous ‘ Sulfur