Porosity, Carbonate Content and TOC Taury Smith Smith Stratigraphic LLC

Porosity In the 200 plus thin sections described, no visible porosity carbonates or shales The pore system is likely to be almost entirely small organic pores This is different than the Bakken and Eagle Ford which have important matrix component

Porosity The lack of matrix porosity other than organic porosity may make the Utica a much better gas reservoir than liquids reservoir The pores and pore throats may be too small in some cases for larger molecule sizes of some liquid hydrocarbons

Carbonate and TOC content For the five cores, TOC was analyzed in detail at one per foot through the reservoir interval and every 2-5 feet through the other intervals Carbonate content was done for all wells except the Harstine Trust

TOC in Cuttings vs Core Dan Jarvie popularized the idea that for some reason cuttings almost always had lower TOC values than core The reason for this is probably not that cuttings don’t preserve TOC as well as core It is almost certainly due to sampling over an interval rather than at specific beds

TOC values from the Eichelberger core taken one per foot Depth TOC Average  3696.5 3.181   3697.5 2.3901 3698.5 3.0485 3699.5 2.4431 3700.5 2.8827 2.87254 3701.5 2.9072 3702.5 1.8557 3703.5 3.1257 3704.5 3.6507 Depth TOC Average  3707.5 2.953   3708.5 4.4016 3709.5 2.9672 3710.5 3.388 3.59885 3711.5 3.8896 3712.5 3.0145 3713.5 4.4109 3714.5 4.1224 TOC values from the Eichelberger core taken one per foot Average is average of ten foot interval Depth TOC Average  3716.5 2.8785   3717.5 4.0645 3718.5 0.8374 3719.5 4.5148 3720.5 3.8564 3.45262 3721.5 4.3411 3722.5 4.5162 3723.5 4.2708 3724.5 1.189 Depth TOC Average  3726.5 4.7598   3727.5 4.3131 3728.5 1.0381 3729.5 2.2621 3730.5 1.6587 2.6489 3731.5 4.3192 3732.5 3.2716 3736.5 1.1817 3738.5 0.6812 If cuttings are saved every ten feet, it may be a mix of that ten foot interval or a single depth within that ten foot interval – note that if it is an average it can still be significantly less than the highest value and that any single value could be significantly lower than the highest value in that interval

Samples are from the depths above the values 3.1 3.6 2.6 3.3 2.0 1.6 0.2 4.1 3.4 3.2 1.2 Samples are from the depths above the values

Put all samples together to make these plots Blue is all data including original TOC data and the new data Green line is all data with a 13-point running average that shows large scale trends clearly Basal lobe is thinner, but has higher TOC (and likely has higher porosity as well) L. Utica Point Pleasant (PK) Trenton (PK) Lexington (PK) L. Utica Point Pleasant (PK) Trenton (PK) Lexington (PK)

Carbonate Content Carbonate content is calculated by crushing and weighing a sample, acidizing it, drying it, weighing it again and then calculating how much sample was lost in acidization It is a cheap way of getting the carbonate number (way cheaper than XRD) It should include calcite and dolomite

Eichelberger Carbonate and TOC logs – Carbonate mainly increases from the top down –the best potential reservoir intervals may be the intervals with the highest carbonate percentage and the highest and thickest TOC-rich zones – the Logana has the best of both followed by the basal Point Pleasant Upper Utica Middle Utica Lower Utica Point Pleasant Lexington Logana Trenton

Eichelberger High TOC is essential as organic porosity seems to be the only significant pore type- High carbonate content should probably increase brittleness - Based on these criteria the Logana looks the best followed by parts of the Lexington and Point Pleasant

This well has high carbonate and TOC in the Point Pleasant, Lexington and Logana Members – Most of the other wells were not as good in the Point Pleasant

Highest combination of TOC and carbonate in Lexington and Logana – less carbonate in Point Pleasant – this core is more clay-rich than the others examined

Ohio to New York Cross Section – confirmed by 13C Disconformity surface at top of organic-rich Utica is datum - Called the Honey Hill Disconformity in NY (Brett and Baird, 2002) Organic-rich section is same age – Point Pleasant/Lexington/Logana =Dolgeville and Flat Creek Shales

Nomenclature correlation chart for Ohio and New York – sorry for the confusion, will try to clear this up for final report

Carbonate vs TOC shows higher TOC and higher clay in Lower Indian Castle (equivalent to Utica in OH) Higher carbonate and lower TOC in Dolgeville and Flat Creek (Point Pleasant/Lexington/Logana) Over 1300 feet of >1% TOC in graben fill

This well is farther to southeast and has better developed Flat Creek (Lexington Logana), a relatively high TOC Dolgeville section ( Point Pleasant equivalent) and relatively organic-poor Lower Indian Castle (Utica equivalent)

Summary The interval that has highest TOC and carbonate may be the best for targeting horizontals due to higher fraccability Cross plotting TOC and carbonate is a helpful way to learn which intervals have these qualities Cross plotting GR and Density may give the same relationships There are about 50 wells with carbonate and TOC data on the ftp site

Shameless Plug Smith Stratigraphic LLC Core and cuttings description Thin Section Petrography Geochemistry and Diagenesis Local and Regional Stratigraphic Correlation Integrated Reservoir Characterization Field Trips to Utica and Marcellus in NYS smithstrat@gmail.com, 518-369-6431