1 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Identity in Cyberspace: Improving Trust via Public-Private Partnerships Jeremy Grant and Naomi Lefkovitz National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

2 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace 1.Learn about the National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace (NSTIC) 2.Discuss how a government initiative can help improve online trust, reduce fraud and create new efficiencies in health care 3.Discuss the role your organizations can play in advancing the use of Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Why We’re Here Today

3 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Called for in President’s Cyberspace Policy Review (May 2009): a “cybersecurity focused identity management vision and strategy…that addresses privacy and civil-liberties interests, leveraging privacy-enhancing technologies for the nation.”” Guiding Principles Privacy-Enhancing and Voluntary Secure and Resilient Interoperable Cost-Effective and Easy To Use NSTIC calls for an Identity Ecosystem, “an online environment where individuals and organizations will be able to trust each other because they follow agreed upon standards to obtain and authenticate their digital identities.” What is NSTIC?

4 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Usernames and passwords are broken Most people have 25 different passwords, or use the same one over and over Even strong passwords are vulnerable…criminals have many paths to easily capture “keys to the kingdom” Rising costs of identity theft and data breaches – 11.6M U.S. victims (+13% YoY) in 2011 at a cost of $37 billion – 67% increase in # of Americans impacted by data breaches in 2011 (Source: Javelin Strategy & Research) – Health sector is #1 target: 43% of all 2011 US data breaches (Source: Symantec Internet Security Report ) A common vector of attack – Sony Playstation, Zappos, Lulzsec, Infragard among dozens of breaches tied to passwords. The Problem Today

5 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace The Problem Today Source: 2012 Data Breach Investigations Report, Verizon and USSS 2011: 5 of the top 6 attack vectors are tied to passwords 2010: 4 of the top 10

6 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Identities are difficult to verify over the internet Numerous government services still must be conducted in person or by mail, leading to continual rising costs for state, local and federal governments Electronic health records could save billions, but can’t move forward without solving authentication challenge for providers and individuals Many transactions, such as signing an auto loan or a mortgage, are still considered too risky to conduct online due to liability risks The Problem Today New Yorker, July 5, 1993New Yorker, September 12, 2005Rob Cottingham, June 23, 2007

7 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Identity Proofing is not always easy The Problem Today

8 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Privacy remains a challenge Individuals often must provide more personally identifiable information (PII) than necessary for a particular transaction –This data is often stored, creating “honey pots” of information for cybercriminals to pursue Individuals have few practical means to control use of their information The Problem Today

9 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Personal Data is Abundant…and Growing Source: World Economic Forum, “Rethinking Personal Data: Strengthening Trust,” May 2012

10 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Trusted Identities provide a foundation Economic benefits Improved privacy standards Enhanced security TRUSTED IDENTITIES Fight cybercrime and identity theft Increased consumer confidence Offer citizens more control over when and how data is revealed Share minimal amount of information Enable new types of transactions online Reduce costs for sensitive transactions Improve customer experiences

11 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Apply for mortgage online with e-signature Trustworthy critical service delivery Security ‘built-into’ system to reduce user error Privately post location to her friends Secure Sign-On to state website Online shopping with minimal sharing of PII January 1, 2016 The Identity Ecosystem: Individuals can choose among multiple identity providers and digital credentials for convenient, secure, and privacy-enhancing transactions anywhere, anytime.

12 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace We've proven that Trusted Identities matter DoD Led the Way DoD network intrusions fell 46% after it banned passwords for log-on and instead mandated use of the CAC with PKI. But Barriers Exist High assurance credentials come with higher costs and burdens They’ve been impractical for many organizations, and most single-use applications. Metcalfe’s Law applies – but there are barriers (standards, liability, usability) today that the market has struggled to overcome.

13 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Private sector will lead the effort Federal government will provide support Not a government-run identity program Private sector is in the best position to drive technologies and solutions… …and ensure the Identity Ecosystem offers improved online trust and better customer experiences Help develop a private-sector led governance model Facilitate and lead development of interoperable standards Provide clarity on national policy and legal framework around liability and privacy Act as an early adopter to stimulate demand What does NSTIC call for?

14 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Privacy and Civil Liberties are Fundamental Increase privacy Minimize sharing of unnecessary information Minimum standards for organizations - such as adherence to Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs) Voluntary and private-sector led Individuals can choose not to participate Individuals who participate can choose from public or private-sector identity providers No central database is created Preserves anonymity Digital anonymity and pseudonymity supports free speech and freedom of association

15 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace NSTIC National Program Office Charged with leading day-to-day coordination across government and the private sector in implementing NSTIC Funded with $16.5M for FY12

16 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Federal Government As an Early Adopter Federal IdM activities are aligned through the Identity, Credential and Access Management (ICAM) Subcommittee Trust Framework Solutions: how the USG aligns with NSTIC Secure, interoperable and privacy-enhancing process by which federal agencies can leverage commercially issued digital identities and credentials Craft “USG profile” of widely used commercial identity protocols like OpenID and SAML to maximize security and privacy. Privacy criteria based on the FIPPs: Opt in; Minimalism; Activity Tracking; Adequate Notice; Non Compulsory; and Termination ICAMSC approves non-federal organizations to be the Trust Framework Providers (TFPs) The TFPs accredit commercial identity providers who agree to use the USG profiles and abide by the privacy criteria

17 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Federal Cloud Credential Exchange Removing Barriers for Federal Adoption FCCX does the heavy lifting Guaranteed interoperability of credentials across agencies Offers citizens an easy path to more convenience Each agency connects just once saving costs OpenID/LOA1 SAML/LOA3 OpenID/LOA1

18 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Next Steps Create an Identity Ecosystem Steering Group: Summer 2012 New 2-year grant to fund a privately-led Steering Group to convene stakeholders and craft standards and policies to create an Identity Ecosystem Framework Convene the Private Sector FFO recently published for $10M NSTIC pilots grant program 5-8 awards expected by late summer 2012 Challenge-based approach focused on addressing barriers the marketplace has not yet overcome Select Pilots Ensure government-wide alignment with the Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management (FICAM) Roadmap New White House initiated effort to create a Federal Cloud Credential Exchange (FCCX) Government as an early adopter to stimulate demand

19 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace What You Can Do TALK: about the value of NSTIC to colleagues SUPPORT: NSTIC Pilots by volunteering to be a relying party JOIN: the Identity Ecosystem Steering Group Participate Leverage trusted identities to move more services online Consider ways to support identity and credentialing in partnership with trusted third parties Be early adopters You are a key partner, we want to hear from you Give us your ideas!

20 National Strategy for Trusted Identities in Cyberspace Questions? Jeremy Grant Naomi Lefkovitz