1.2 Data and disease

Learning outcomes How is data interpreted and analysed? What is a correlation and what does it mean? How is a causal link established?

Epidemiology Epidemiology is the study of the incidence and pattern of a disease with a view to finding the means of preventing and controlling it. Collect data on a disease Look for a pattern or relationship between the disease and various factors in the lives of the people that have it.

Correlations and causal relationships A correlation occurs when a change in one of two variables is reflected by a change in the other variable. What can you deduce from the following graphs? We can show a correlation, but further evidence is needed to prove a causal link

Looking critically at data Has the right factor been measured and have the correct questions been asked? How was the data gathered, where the methods reliable and was the right apparatus used? Do those collecting data have a vested interest in the outcome of the research? Has the study been repeated, with the same results and conclusions, by other people? Are there still unanswered questions?

Correlation and association Start in class and complete for homework Collins AS Biology textbook p20-21 Correlation and association