Asexual Reproduction 4.2

I. Asexual Reproduction A.Asexual Reproduction- A new organism is produced from one parent 1. The new organism is identical to the parent

I. Asexual Reproduction B. Types of Asexual Reproduction 1. Fission- Organism divides to create an identical organism a) DNA must be copied first b) Occurs in bacteria (prokaryotes)

I. Asexual Reproduction 2. Budding-using cell division to grow a new organism from the body of the parent b) When it is full grown the new organism breaks off b) When it is full grown the new organism breaks off 3. Ex: Hydra, Yeast

I. Asexual Reproduction 3. Regeneration- Using cell division to regrow damaged or lost body parts a) Pieces of an organism can be used to grow an entire organism. b) Ex: Star fish, salamander tails, Spongebob

I. Asexual Reproduction 4. Vegetative Reproduction- A form of asexual reproduction in which offspring grow from part of a parent plant a) Ex: Stolons (strawberries and potatos)

I. Asexual Reproduction Yeast budding under microscope. See launch lab in resource book

Use “Visualizing Cell Processes DVD to illustrate. --DNA Structure & Cell reproduction --Condensing chromosomes --Stages of mitosis --Cytokenesis

II. Why Divide A. To replace dead cells B. To grow 1.# of new cells exceed the # of dying cells C. Limit cell size 1. The smaller the cell, the more efficient it gets nutrients and gets rid of wastes

III. Chromosomes A. Chromosomes- Cell structure that carries genetic material 1. Composed of DNA wrapped around proteins 2. Appear right before cell division occurs (Condensed)

III. Chromosomes 3. 2 sister chromatids are held together by a centromere a. Each chromatid is identical 4. See video

IV. Cell Cycle A. Overview 1. Interphase 2. Mitosis 3. Cytokenesis B. Cell Cycle- Sequence of growth and division of a cell.

III. Cell Cycle C. Interphase 1. Rapid growth & metabolism 2. DNA replication 3. Centrioles replicate in preparation for cell division

III. Cell Cycle D. Mitosis (PMAT) 1. Prophase a. Chromosomes condense b. Nuclear envelope and nucleolus disintegrate c. Spindle fibers form in between centrioles at opposite sides of the cell.

III. Cell Cycle D. Mitosis (PMAT) 2. Metaphase a. Spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the chromosomes b. Chromosomes are pulled to the center of the cell

III. Cell Cycle D. Mitosis (PMAT) 3. Anaphase a. The sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle fibers

III. Cell Cycle D. Mitosis (PMAT) 4. Telophase a. Prophase in reverse! b. The spindle fibers disintegrate c. The chromosomes uncoil

III. Cell Cycle D. Mitosis (PMAT) 4. Telophase d. 2 new nuclear envelopes appear around the chromosomes 5. Only the nucleus has divided, not the entire cell

III. Cell Cycle E. Cytokenesis- The process in which the cytoplasm (cell) divides 1. Animal cells pinch off to form 2 new cells 2. Plant cells form a cell plate then 2 new cell walls form on either side of the plate

III. Cell Cycle F. The two new cells go back to interphase to start the cycle over again. G. Result: 2 Cells identical to each other

RECAP -Why do cells need to divide? -What are the stages of the cell cycle? What happens in each? -What are the 4 phases of miosis? What happens in each?

RECAP -What happens during cytokenesis? -What do you start and end with at the beginning and end of the cell cycle?

RECAP -How many parents are involved in asexual reproduction? - Give an example of asexual reproduction