Concept of a Region 5 th year Geography Ms Carr

Identify the different types of regions that are present in the world today Understand that some regions are defined by characteristics that people are unable to change, such as climate and geomorphology Discuss that regions are also defined by boundaries that are not visible, created by people’s beliefs or attitudes Learning Outcome

What is a Region? A area of the earth’s surface that has certain boundaries or characteristics that set it apart.

Characteristics; Physical Landscape Climate Culture Government Economy

Boundaries and extent of some regions may change over time. Regions can vary in size – Wexford County Council – Sahel region of Africa

Learning Outcome Recap…What is a Region? Finish pair-work activity….Regions?? Discuss general points on Climatic regions. Note-taking task from textbook, identifying key-points. Read and understand sample answer on climatic regions.

Pairwork What regions can you think of??

CLIMATIC REGION Concept of a Region

Climatic Region Climate is the average weather across a large area, over a long period of time. Many different climates worldwide Cover large areas & several countries

Climates Different; – Temperature – Precipitation – Soil Type – Weather Systems Influence; – Flora – Fauna – Population

Case Study Cool Temperate Oceanic Climate Textbook page 231 Note 10 SRP’s on cool temperate oceanic, as a climatic region.

Learning Intention Recap on climatic regions. Examine a case study of a Geomorphological region- The Burren. Read a sample answer. Identify the key points on a 2 nd example- North European Plain. Compare two Administrative regions.

Pairwork Quick Questions What is a region? Define the term ‘climate.’ List the three main characteristics of a cool temperate oceanic climate. Name the ocean current that influences Ireland’s climate. What is frontal rain? Name five countries affected by this type of climate.

GEOMORPHOLOGICAL REGION Concept of a Region

Physical / Geomorphological Region World landscapes are varied. Tectonic processes have shaped the landscape in many ways.

Physical / Geomorphological Regions Are defined by; – Relief – Rock Type – Rock Structure – Drainage Patterns

Case Studies Karst Landscape, Burren, Co Clare North European Plain Textbook page 232

Karst Landscape The Burren is an area of exposed ____________ _________________. The main processes of erosion active in the Burren are; __________ & ____________. Surface features found in the Burren include; __________, _____________, ____________ & _______________. Many _____________ features are also found including ____________ such as ______________, ______________ & ___________________.

North European Plain Note five key points on the North European Plain. Textbook page 232

ADMINISTRATIVE REGION Concept of a Region

Administrative Regions Defined by governments. Aim; – manage smaller areas more efficiently – Reflect the interests of the local community Examples; – County Councils – Regional Authorities

Comparison Study of Two Administrative Regions Irish Local Government French Departements

Cultural- Language Regions Gaeltacht Belgium See Separate Powerpoints

CULTURAL- RELIGIOUS REGIONS NORTHERN IRELAND / ISLAMIC WORLD Concept of a Region

Northern Ireland  Two distinct religious groups  Both groups aspire to rule themselves differently  Catholic or Protestant  Created a lot of violence in the North  Tensions particularly strong in cities such as Belfast or Derry, where both communities live in close proximity.

Catholics  Catholics are the minority group  Most are Nationalists, who want to rule themselves as separate from Britain  Separatists

Protestants  Protestants are in the majority  Most are Unionists, they want to continue union with Britain  Their ancestors have lived in Ireland since the plantations  Extreme unionists are known as Loyalists

Northern Ireland  Northern Ireland was established in 1920, under the Government of Ireland Act  Unionist majority took power  Catholics experienced discrimination  Housing  Jobs  Police Force

The Troubles  Violence in the North reached its peak during the 1960s civil rights campaigns  Troubles lasted for 30 years  Over 3,500 people were killed during this period

Now....  A ceasefire now exists  Good Friday Agreement of 1998  Stormont Power-Sharing Assembly established  Deep divisions still remain  92% of children attend schools of their given religion  In 2010, there were only 61 integrated schools

Exam Question Describe the importance of culture in defining any region studied by you. (30m)

The Islamic World

Class Activity Read Textbook page 237 & 238 on the Islamic World. Focus on the key points and study them carefully.

Islamic World  Based on the teachings of the ____________ _____________.  Followers of Islam are called ______________.  Two areas of the world where Islam is common are __________________ & _________________________.  Holy book of Islam is called the ________________.  Holy city is _____________.  _____________ _____________ religion in the world.  _______________followers in  __________% of the world’s population.

 Influences all areas of people’s lives. ______________ & ______________ are forbidden.  Women tend to have a more traditional role. They often wear _____________ and ______________ marriages are common.  In 2009 there were around ___________ Muslims in Ireland.  Main place of worship is the _____________.  Ireland’s main one is in _______________, Dublin.

Socio- Economic Regions -Core -Peripheral -Industrial Decline

Core Regions Dominant Majority of trade, industry, government influence. Inward migration High population density High standard of living Examples; – Dublin Region – Paris Basin

Peripheral Regions Less developed Outward migration Difficult climate & landscape High unemployment Overdependent on primary economic activities Marginal location Examples; – West of Ireland – Mezzogiorno

Regions of Industrial Decline Irish Example Greater Cork Area European Example Sambre-Meuse Valley

Greater Cork Area 1970’s industrial growth- low-lying land, deep port. Traditional industries- Brewing, Shipbuilding. 1980’s rationalisation, factory closures. (Ford, Verholme shipyard) 5,500 job loses. Deindustrialisation. 1990’s improvement- government investment & planning. Investment of modern growth industries- Pfizer & Apple.

Sambre- Meuse Valley Textbook page 240 & 241 Answer the following question based on this case study; – ‘Some regions have experienced industrial decline.’ Discuss the causes and effects of economic decline with reference to an example that you have studied. (30m)

URBAN / NODAL REGIONS- DUBLIN & PARIS Concept of a Region

Urban / Nodal Regions High population density Inward migration Focus of routeways- nodal point Multi-functional Examples; – Dublin – Paris

Type of RegionNameDetail 1Detail 2 Physical (Climatic) Physical (Geomorphic) [Ir] Physical (Geomorphic) [Eur] Administrative [Ir] Administrative[Eur] Cultural (Language) [Ir] Cultural (Language) [Eur] Cultural (Religious) [Ir] Cultural (Religious) [Eur] Socio-Economic (Core) [Ir] Socio-Economic (Core) [Eur] Socio-Economic (Peripheral) [Ir] Socio-Economic (Peripheral) [Eur] Socio-Economic (Industrial Decline[Ir] Socio-Economic (Industrial Decline) [Eur] Urban[Ir] Urban[Eur]